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Renal Test 2 > Regulation of ECF and Na Balance > Flashcards

Regulation of ECF and Na Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Define the amount of ECV in the body by percentages.

A

20% of plasma

5% of ECF

1.7% of total body weight

1% of body weight

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2
Q

How does congestive heart failure influence ECF vs ECV?

A

Lowers ECV

Increases ECF

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3
Q

What counteracts the effect of ECV during congestive heart failure?

A

Activation of RAAS

Stimulation of the SNS via the baroreceptor reflex

Increased ADH secretion

Increased renal fluid retention via Starling’s forces in the peritubular capillaries

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4
Q

A decrease in total body sodium content will have will illicit what effect from osmoreceptors?

A

Will cause eventual ECF contraction through decreased ADH secretion.

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5
Q

What would cause a more dramatic change in ADH secretion, a decrease or increase in sensed volume?

A

Decreases in sensed volume would cause a much more drastic increase in ADH secretion

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6
Q

What types of baroreceptors utilyze RAAS, Aldosterone, SNP, and ANP?

A

Atrial and cardiopulmonary

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7
Q

Where is the release of ADH and Thirst regulated in the brain?

A

The supraoptic and paraventricular areas of the hypothalamus

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8
Q

Which baroreceptor has a particular influence on the hypothalamus, significantly influency ADH secretion?

A

Cardiopulmonary

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9
Q

What function do Intrarenal baroreceptors have?

A

Roll in RAAS, as well as salt/water reabsorbtion

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10
Q

What factors contribute to NaCl reabsorption?

Water reabsorption?

How about NaCl secretion?

A

Renal sympathetic nerve activity and RASS

ADH (AVP, Vasopressin)

ANP, BNP, Urodilatin

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11
Q

Where does aldosterone and AVP stimulate Na+ and H20 reabsorption on the nephron?

A

Distal tubule and collecting duct

(Aldosterone also somewhat on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle)

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12
Q

ANP, BNP, and Urodilatin have what four effects on the nephron?

A

Increased GFR

Decreased renin, and as a result decreased aldosterone

Decreased AVP secretion and inhibition of AVP

Decreased NaCl; and H2O reabsorption in collecting duct

(GRAND)

Increased GFR.

Renin, AVP, and NaCldecreased

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13
Q

If you removed the posterior pituatary gland, what hormone we talked about would be removed?

A

AVP

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14
Q

What three factors help to stimulate release of renin?

A

Low perfussion pressure

SNS activation

Decreased NaCl to macula densa

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15
Q

How does ANP effect the vasculature and SNS activity?

A

Vasodilation

Decreased SNS activity

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16
Q

What effects will someone with chronic hypernatremia experience?

A

Weight gain

Hypertension

17
Q

What situations can lead to hyponatremia with a decreased ECF and urinary sodium <20mmol/L?

A

Increased interstitial salt

Diseases:

Liver Failure

Cirrhosis

Hepatorenal syndrome

Congestive heart failure

Nephrotic Syndrome

18
Q

What situations can lead to hyponatremia with a decreased ECF and urinary sodium >20mmol/L?

A

Renal failure

Cerebral salt wasting

Hypertonic saline

Steriods

Early diurectics

19
Q

What situations can lead to hyponatremia with a increased ECF and urinary sodium >20mmol/L?

A

Salt and water loss through kidneys

Failing kidneys

Addison’s

Diuresis

Renal failure (diuretic stage)

Osmotic diuresis (raised glucose and urea)

Diuretics (thiazides)

20
Q

What situations can lead to hyponatremia with a increased ECF and urinary sodium <20mmol/L?

A

Pre-renal damage

Na+ loss in excess of water

Diarrhea, sweat, vomit

Burns, fistula, small bowel obstruction, cirrhosis, heat exposure

Villous ademoma of rectum

21
Q

What situations can lead to hyponatremia with a normal ECF where urine osmolarity < serum osmolarity?

A

Water intoxication

Intake related

Tea and toast diet

Beer

Psychogenic polydipsea

22
Q

What situations can lead to hyponatremia with a normal ECF where urine osmolarity > serum osmolarity and urine osmolarity >20mmol/L?

A

SIADH

Hyponatremia

Euvolemia

23
Q

What situations can lead to hyponatremia with a normal ECF where urine osmolarity > serum osmolarity and urine osmolarity is <20mmol/L?

A

SIADH

Hypovolemia

Hypothyroidism

Lung Disease

Drugs, CNS, Chest malignancy

Renal Test 2 (7 decks)

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