Acid/Base Disturbances Flashcards
What are volatile acids?
Some examples?
Form bicarbonate and H+ which can be eliminated
Glucose (under aerobic respiration)
Fat (under aerobic respiration)
What are fixed acids?
Some examples?
An acid produced in the body from sources other than carbon dioxide, and is not excreted by the lungs.
Glucose (under aerobic respiration) forming Lactate
Cysteine forming sulfate
Phosphoprotein forming phosphate
What change in pH will double or halve the concentration?
0.3
pH values of the following:
Arterial blood
Venous bloods and interstitial fluid
ICF
Urine
Gastric HCL
- 4
- 4
6 to 7.4
- 5 to 8
- 8
What are the buffer systems of the human body, and what are their pKa values.
Bicarbonate = 6.1
Plasma proteins = 6.7
Phosphate = 6.8
Hemoglubin = 7.3
BP pH
Breathing fast will result in what changes to CO2 and pH?
CO2 low = pH high
What is the Henderson Hasselbach equation?
What is the absorption of bicrbonate in the following regions of the nephron:
Proximal tubule
Thick scending limb
Collecting Duct
85%
10%
5%
How is bicarbonate transferred across the luminal cell’s basolateral membrane?
Na+/HCO3- cotransporter - Moves 3 HCO3- out with one Na+
HCO3-/Cl- antiporter
What are the secondary causes of H+ secretion in the proximal tubule?
Increase in filtered load of HCO3-
Decrease in ECF volume
Increase in angiotensin II
Hypokalemia
What are the secondary causes of H+ secretion in the collecting duct?
Increase in aldosterone
What is the primary cause of decrease [H+] secretion?
Increase in plasma HCO3- concentration
Decrease in partial pressure of O2
What acts as a bufffering agent in the tubular lumen?
NaHPO4- / NaH2PO4
What cells secrete bicarbonate?
Beta-intercalated cells
How is new bicarbonate synthesized.
H+ is bound to NH3+ and secreted as NH4.
Bicarbonate is reabsorbed