Regulation of Digestion

Question 1

The GI tract is regulated by

Answer 1

enteric nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 2

intrinsic set of nerves

Answer 2

enteric nervous system

Question 3

extrinsic set of nerves

Answer 3

autonomic nervous system

Question 4

it is made up of 100 million neurons that extend from esophagus to anus

Answer 4

enteric nervous system

Question 5

its neurons are arranged into 2 plexuses, both made of motor neurons, interneurons and sensory neurons

Answer 5

enteric nervous system

Question 6

what are the plexuses of enteric nervous system

Answer 6

myenteric plexus (plexus of auerbach)

submucosal plexus (plexus of Meissner)

Question 7

it is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis

Answer 7

myenteric plexus

Question 8

its motor neurons mostly control GI tract motility, particularly the frequency and strength of contraction of the muscularis

Answer 8

myenteric plexus

Question 9

it is found within the submucosa where its motor neurons supply the secretory cells of the mucosal epithelium, controlling the secretions of the GI tract

Answer 9

submucosal plexus

Question 10

interconnect the neurons of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses

Answer 10

interneurons

Question 11

are chemoreceptors or stretch receptors

Answer 11

sensory neurons

Question 12

receptors activated by the presence of certain chemicals in food located in the lumen of a Gi organ

Answer 12

chemoreceptors

Question 13

Vagust Nerves supply parasympathetic fibers to most parts of the Gi tract (except last half of large intestine which has parasympathetic fibers from the sacral spinal cord)

Answer 13

autonomic nervous system

Question 14

receptors activated when food distend-stretches-the wall of a GI organ

Answer 14

stretch receptors

Question 15

the nerves form neural connection with the ENS

Answer 15

autonomic nervous system

Question 16

True or False: stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves cause an increase in GI secretion and motility by increasing the activity of the ENS neurons while stimulation of sympathetic nerves has opposite effect

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or False: Emotions such as anger, fear, and anxiety may slow digestion because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract

Answer 17

True

Question 18

are largely automatic involving local short reflex arcs linked to the CNS extrinsic controls via long autonomic reflex arc

Answer 18

segmentation and peristalsis