Human Digestive System Flashcards
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What is the system of the body that mechanically and chemically breaks down food?
Digestive System
How many hours does it take to completely break down food?
12 to 24 hours
How are the digestive organs divided?
gastrointestinal tract
accessory organs
What are the other terms for Gastrointestinal tract?
alimentary canal
digestive tract
What is the continuous tube running from the mouth to the anus?
gastrointestinal tract
How long is the gastrointestinal tract?
9m (30ft) in length
digests and absorbs food
Gastrointestinal tract
What are the organs included in GI tract?
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
What are the organs included in Accessory Digestive Organs?
teeth
tongue
gallbladder
salivary glands
liver
pancreas
functions in secretion of lubricating fluid containing enzymes that break down carbohydrates
salivary glands
functions in mechanical processing, moistening, mixing with salivary secretions
oral cavity, teeth, tongue
the pharyngeal muscles propel materials into the esophagus
pharynx
transport of materials to the stomach
esophagus
secretion of bile (important for lipid digestion), storage of nutrients, and has many other vital functions
liver
functions in the chemical breakdown of materials via acid and enzymes
stomach
It has mechanical processing through muscular contractions
stomach
storage and concentration of bile
gallbladder
It functions when exocrine cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes and endocrine cells secrete hormones
pancreas
responsible for enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins, and ions
small intestine
responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials in preparation for elimination
large intestine
What are the organs in the digestive tract that are made up of the same 4 basic tissue layers?
esophagus to large intestine
What are the 4 basic tissue layers in esophagus to large intestine?
Mucosa (mucous membrane)
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia or serosa
it is the innermost layer of the 4 basic tissue layers
mucosa
it lines the lumen of the digestive tract
mucosa
made up of epithelium, connective tissue, and a very thin layer of smooth muscle
mucosa
it has many blood and lymphatic vessels to absorb nutrients
mucosa
it has lots of lymphatic nodules to fight pathogens
mucosa
it is made up of connective tissue and has lots of blood and lymphatic vessels that receive absorbed food molecules. It also has lymphatic tissue
submucosa
it has a nerve plexus that regulate movements and secretions of the digestive tract
submucosa
it has mucin-secreting glands in the esophagus and duodenum
submucosa
secrete buffers and digestive enzymes in pancreas
exocrine cells
secrete hormones in pancreas
endocrine cells
regulate movements and secretions of digestive tract
nerve plexus of submucosa
where does the submucosa contain mucin-secreting glands?
esophagus and duodenum
t is made up of skeletal muscle or smooth muscle
muscularis externa
it has a nerve plexus that controls the frequency and strength of contraction of smooth muscle
muscularis externa
areolar connective tissue with dispersed collagen and elastic fibers
adventitia
same as adventitia but covered by a visceral peritoneum
serosa
controls the frequency and strength of contraction of smooth muscle
muscularis externa
what part of muscularis externa contain skeletal muscle
mouth
pharynx
superior
middle parts of esophagus
anus
what part of the muscularis externa contains smooth muscle
lower part of esophagus and the rest of GI tract contain 2 or 3 layers of smooth muscle
