Regulation of Body fluid and pH balance in the urinary system

Question 1

What percent of ECF is plasma

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

What percent of ECF is interstitial fluid

Answer 2

80%

Question 3

Which ion determines ICF osmotic pressure

Answer 3

Potassium (K)

Question 4

Which ion determines ECF osmotic pressure

Answer 4

Sodium (Na)

Question 5

What is total body osmolality

Answer 5

(Total sodium and total potassium)/total body water

Question 6

Where is Sodium

Answer 6

ECF

Question 7

Where is Potassium

Answer 7

ICF

Question 8

What is tonicity in the body primarily controlled by

Answer 8

Vasopressin (ADH) and Thirst

Question 9

Normal range of plasma osmolality

Answer 9

280-295

Question 10

Osmolality in extracellular fluid is detected where

Answer 10

In hypothalamus by osmoreceptors

Question 11

If osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense hypertonic fluid, what do they do?

Answer 11

Increase ADH release

Question 12

If osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense hypotonic fluid, what do they do?

Answer 12

Decrease ADH release

Question 13

Low blood volume is detected by what

Answer 13

baroreceptors

Question 14

Are osmoreceptors or baroreceptors more sensitive

Answer 14

osmoreceptors

Question 15

Which stimuli (chemical or volume) is stronger

Answer 15

Volume stimuli can override osmoreceptor input. High blood volume inhibits ADH release.

Question 16

All vasopressin receptors are what type of receptor

Answer 16

GPCR

Question 17

Which receptors are responsible for antidiuretic effects

Answer 17

V2

Question 18

V1A action

Answer 18

Vasoconstriction- of blood vessils

Question 19

V1B action

Answer 19

ACTH release from anterior pituitary

Question 20

Where are V1B receptors found

Answer 20

In Anterior pituitary

Question 21

Central vs Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer 21

Central- deficiency in ADH, not enough release.
Nephrogenic- Kidneys don’t respond to ADH

Question 22

What is SIADH

Answer 22

Too much ADH release- Hyponatremia due to Diluting the blood with too much water retnetion, or excretion of sodium

Question 23

What are the mutations in nephrogenic DI

Answer 23

V2 receptor gene mutated (x-linked recessive)
Mutation in aquaporin 2 gene

Question 24

Diuretic vs Naturietic

Answer 24

Diuretic- cause water excretion through urine
Natriuretic- cause sodium excretion through urine

Question 25

What is renin released by

Answer 25

Granular cells and Lacis cells

Question 26

What is renin released by

Answer 26

Granular cells and lacis cells

Question 27

What stimulus causes renin release

Answer 27

1. Decrease in BP sensed by Granular cells
2. Low Na concentration in filtrate
3. Increased SNS activity increases renin release

Question 28

Angiotensin 1 is converted to angiotensin 2 by

Answer 28

ACE

Question 29

Where does Aldosterone come from

Answer 29

Adrenal Cortex

Question 30

Stimuli of Aldosterone release

Answer 30

Angiotensin 2, High K, ACTH

Question 31

Overall 2 results of Aldosterone

Answer 31

Less urine
Dilute urine

Question 32

Effect of Aldosterone and Caffeine

Answer 32

Caffeine blocks aldosterone action on kidneys