Regulation of Body fluid and pH balance in the urinary system Flashcards
What percent of ECF is plasma
20%
What percent of ECF is interstitial fluid
80%
Which ion determines ICF osmotic pressure
Potassium (K)
Which ion determines ECF osmotic pressure
Sodium (Na)
What is total body osmolality
(Total sodium and total potassium)/total body water
Where is Sodium
ECF
Where is Potassium
ICF
What is tonicity in the body primarily controlled by
Vasopressin (ADH) and Thirst
Normal range of plasma osmolality
280-295
Osmolality in extracellular fluid is detected where
In hypothalamus by osmoreceptors
If osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense hypertonic fluid, what do they do?
Increase ADH release
If osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense hypotonic fluid, what do they do?
Decrease ADH release
Low blood volume is detected by what
baroreceptors
Are osmoreceptors or baroreceptors more sensitive
osmoreceptors
Which stimuli (chemical or volume) is stronger
Volume stimuli can override osmoreceptor input. High blood volume inhibits ADH release.
All vasopressin receptors are what type of receptor
GPCR
Which receptors are responsible for antidiuretic effects
V2
V1A action
Vasoconstriction- of blood vessils
V1B action
ACTH release from anterior pituitary
Where are V1B receptors found
In Anterior pituitary
Central vs Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Central- deficiency in ADH, not enough release.
Nephrogenic- Kidneys don’t respond to ADH
What is SIADH
Too much ADH release- Hyponatremia due to Diluting the blood with too much water retnetion, or excretion of sodium
What are the mutations in nephrogenic DI
V2 receptor gene mutated (x-linked recessive)
Mutation in aquaporin 2 gene
Diuretic vs Naturietic
Diuretic- cause water excretion through urine
Natriuretic- cause sodium excretion through urine
