Regulation of appetite

Question 1

Give the definition of appetite

Answer 1

desire to eat foodG

Question 2

Give the definition of satiety

Answer 2

feeling of fullness – disappearance of appetite after a meal

Question 3

What is a is an underweight BMI?

Answer 3

< 18.5

Question 4

What is a normal BMI between?

Answer 4

18.5 - 24.9

Question 5

What is an normal overweight BMI between?

Answer 5

25.0 - 29.9

Question 6

What is an obese BMI between?

Answer 6

30.0 - 39.9

Question 7

What is a morbidly obese BMI?

Answer 7

> 40

Question 8

What are risks of obesity?

Answer 8

• Type II diabetes
• Hypertension
• Coronary artery disease
• Stroke
• Osteoarthritis
• Obstructive sleep apnoea
• Carcinoma
  
  • Breast
  • Endometrium
  • Prostate
  • Colon

Question 9

Which type of fat is a higher risk of obesity?

Answer 9

abdominal (visceral) rather than subcutaneous fat

Question 10

Why do we eat?

Answer 10

● Internal physiological drive to eat
- Feeling that prompts thought of food and motivates food consumption
● External physiological drive to eat
- Sometimes even in the absence of hunger (e.g. buffet)

Question 11

Which part of of the hypothalamus is the hunger centre?

Answer 11

Lateral hypothalamus

Question 12

Which part of the hypothalamus is the satiety centre?

Answer 12

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Question 13

What do highly refined sugars provide?

Answer 13

quick and short satiety

Question 14

Are high or low glycaemic index foods better?

Answer 14

Low

Question 15

What do high proteins provide?

Answer 15

prolonged satiety

Question 16

What do high fats provide?

Answer 16

stimulate and entice people to eat more

Question 17

What is peptide YY?

Answer 17

• 36 amino acids
• Structurally similar to NPY (Neuropeptide Y)

Question 18

What does peptide YY do?

Answer 18

• Secreted by neuroendocrine cells in ileum, pancreas and colon in response to food
• Binds NPY receptors
• Inhibits gastric motility
• Reduces appetite

Question 19

What effect does cholecystokinin have when acting on the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 19

• delays gastric emptying
• gall bladder contraction
• insulin release

Question 20

What effect does cholecystokinin have when acting on the vagus nerve?

Answer 20

Satiety

Question 21

What does ghrelin do?

Answer 21

• stimulates Growth hormone release
• appetite

Question 22

What stimuli stimulate appetite?

Answer 22

Olfactory, gustatory, cognitive and visual stimuli

Question 23

What role does the stomach have in appetite and satiety?

Answer 23

Stretch receptors in stomach increase satiety

Question 24

What increases satiety?

Answer 24

Release of CCK, GLP (glucagon like peptide), insulin, leptin and PYY