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2a- Endocrinology > Pituitary hormone regulation and presentation of pituitary disease > Flashcards

Pituitary hormone regulation and presentation of pituitary disease Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the thyroid axis?

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid

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2
Q

Which hormone does the hypothalamus produce to later stimulate the thyroid?

A

TRH

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3
Q

Which hormone does the pituitary release that acts on the thyroid?

A

TSH

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4
Q

Which hormones produced by the thyroid has a negative feedback effect on the thyroid axis?

A

T4 and T3

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5
Q

How does TRH travel from the hypothalamus to the pituitary?

A

Through portal circulation

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6
Q

How does TSH travel from the pituitary to the thyroid?

A

Through systemic circulation

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7
Q

What makes up the pituitary gonadal axis?

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Gonads (testes/ovaries)

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8
Q

What makes up the HPA axis?

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Adrenal gland

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9
Q

What hormone does the pituitary release that acts on the adrenal glands?

A

ACTH

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10
Q

What hormone do the adrenal glands produce that act on the pituitary?

A

Cortisol

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11
Q

What makes up the GH/ IGF-I axis?

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Liver

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12
Q

What hormone does the hypothalamus produce that acts on the pituitary in the GH/ IGF-I axis?

A

GHRH

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13
Q

What hormone does the pituitary release in the GH/ IGF-I axis?

A

GH

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14
Q

What does GH act on?

A

The liver

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15
Q

What hormone does the liver produce?

A

IGF-I (insulin like growth factor)

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16
Q

What does IGF-I act on?

A

Has a negative feedback effect on the hypothalamus

17
Q

What hormone produced by the hypothalamus has a negative feedback effect on the GH/ IGF-I axis?

A

Somatostatin

18
Q

Which hormones produced by the hypothalamus regulate GH?

A

GHRH and somatostatin

19
Q

Which hormone produced by the hypothalamus regulates LH and FSH?

A

GnRH

20
Q

Which hormone produced by the hypothalamus regulates ACTH?

A

CRH

21
Q

Which hormone produced by the hypothalamus regulates TSH?

A

TRH

22
Q

Which hormone produced by the hypothalamus regulates prolactin?

A

Dopamine

23
Q

What are some diseases of the pituitary?

A
  • Benign pituitary adenoma
  • Craniopharygioma
  • Trauma
  • Apoplexy / Sheehans
  • Sarcoid / TB
24
Q

What are 3 vital points of presentation for diagnosing pituitary tumours?

A
  1. Pressure on local structure e.g. optic nerves
    - Bitemporal hemianopia
  2. Pressure on normal pituitary
    - hypopituitarism
  3. Functioning tumour
    - Prolactinoma
    - Acromegaly
    - Cushing’s disease
25
Q

What are features of prolactinomas?

A
  • More common in women
  • Present with galactorrhoea/ amenorrhoea/ infertility
  • Loss of libido
  • Visual field defect
  • Treatment dopamine agonist eg. Cabergoline or bromocriptine
26
Q

What would you want to investigate in someone with a pituitary tumour?

A
  1. Is it pressing on optic chiasm?
  2. Are they hypopituitary?
  3. Do they have a functioning tumour?

2a- Endocrinology (17 decks)

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