Regulation Flashcards
What do Operons do?
control transcription. They are like a switch
What are regulatory genes?
The produce proteins that controls the transcription of structural genes
What is a promoter?
Where RNA polymerase binds
What is an operator?
The binding site of a regulatory protein
What are structural genes?
They code for enzymes/other proteins
What is the function of the Lac Operon?
It produces enzymes to digest lactose, only when lactose is present
If lactose is present, the system should be turned….
On
If lactose is absent, the system should be turned…
Off
The lac operon is called an inducible operon. What induces what?
The production of lactase
What does the Tryp Operon do?
• It controls enzymes that produce tryptophan
• It makes tryptophan only if it is NOT present in the environment (as food)
What is Tryptophan?
An amino acid
If tryptophan is present, the system should be turned…
Off
If the tryptophan is absent, the system should be turned…
On
What does tryptophan do?
It acts as a co-repressor and it prevents transcription
At gastrulation, cells fold…
Inwards and outwards
What are pluripotent cells?
Cells capable of developing into any other cell type (stem cells)
What is totipotency?
The ability for cells to develop into any other type of
What does morphogenesis do?
It gives the organism shape
What is homeobox DNA?
Master control genes evolved early
Conserved for hundreds of millions of years
What does homeobox DNA do?
Turn on/off genes to control development of body function
What is the order of Gastrulation?
Zygote
Eight cells
Blastula
Gastric
Adult
