Regulating Blood Sugar Levels Flashcards
Which hormones regulate blood sugar levels?
Insulin and glucagon
Which processes does insulin initiate? What do they all do?
Glycogenesis Lipogenesis Translocation Protein synthesis Removes glucose from the blood
What processes does glucagon initiate? What do they all do?
Glycolysis
Lipolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Put glucose into the blood
What immediate action would need glucose to be put into the blood and why?
Exercise, muscles need glucose for energy, blood transports te glucose to them
What is lipogenesis? What hormone initiates it?
Conversion of glucose into fat for long term storage
Insulin
What is translocation? Which hormone initiates it?
Glucose is moved from the blood into cells
What is protein synthesis? What hormone increases the rates of it?
Creation of proteins increased
Insulin
What is glycogenolysis? Which hormone initiates it?
Breakdown of glycogen into glucose
Glucagon
What is lipolysis? Which hormone initiates it?
Breakdown of fat into glucose
Glucagon
What is gluconeogenesis? Which hormone initiates it? In what conditions does this process occur?
Breakdown of proteins into glucose
Glucagon
Extreme conditions eg; anorexia
What is glycogenesis, and what hormone initiates it?
Conversion of glucose into glycogen which is stored in the liver
Insulin
HIGH BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS FEEDBACK LOOP:
Stimulus: ____ glucose levels in blood
Receptor: c____r________ on the islets of l_________, b___ cells
Modulator: p_______ - beta cells
Effector: l____ and body cells - sk______ + a______ tissue
Response: glyco_______, lipo_______, trans________, protein s________
Feedback: decreased glucose levels = ________
High Chemoreceptors, langerhans, beta Liver, skeletal, adipose Glycogenesis, lipogenesis, translocation, protein synthesis Negative
LOW GLUCOSE LEVELS FEEDBACK LOOP
Stimulus: ___ glucose levels in b____
Receptor: chemoreceptors in the i____ of l_________ - alpha cells
Modulator: pancreas - _____ cells
Effector: liver and ____ cells - skeletal and _______ tissue
Response: glyco_________, lipo_____, gluco__________
Feedback: ________ glucose levels = negative
Low, blood Islets of langerhans Alpha Body, adipose Glycogenolysis, lipolysis, gluconeogenesis Increased
DIABETES METILLUS TYPE 1 FEEDBACK LOOP
Stimulus: high g______ levels
Receptor: c____r________ on the i_____ of l_________ - beta cells
ISSUE: no ____ _____ - destroyed
Modulator: ________ - beta cells - i______ not produced
Effector: l____ and body cells - sk______ + a______ tissue: DON’T RESPOND
Response: glyco_______, lipo_______, trans________, protein s________ DON’T OCCUR
Feedback: glucose levels ____ high
Glucose Chemoreceptors, islets of langerhans Beta cells Pancreas, insulin Liver, skeletal, adipose Glycogenesis, lipogenesis, translocation, protein synthesis
DIABETES METILLUS TYPE 2 FEEDBACK LOOP
Stimulus: high glucose levels in _____
Receptor: chemoreceptors on ______ of langerhans - ____ cells
Modulator: pancreas - ____ cells
Effector: liver and ____ cells - skeletal and _______ tissue
ISSUE: i______ receptors on effectors are d_s_________
Response: _____genesis, ____genesis, _____location, _______ synthesis OCCUR AT S___ RATE
Feedback: _______ levels stay high for ______
Blood Islets, beta Beta Body, adipose Insulin, desensitised Glycogenesis, lipogenesis, translocation, protein Glucose, longer
