Diabetes Flashcards
2 possible reasons for the destruction of beta cells?
- fault in immune system
- overworking of beta cells
What cant be produced because of type 1? What does this mean for blood sugar levels?
Insulin
High
2 possible causes of type 1?
Genetic predisposition
Environmental influence
Long term effects of type 1? (Give any 5 from 16)
Kidney failure, heart attack, stroke, blindness, amputations, nerve damage, pregnancy issues, ulcers, slow healing, skin infections, lethargy, thirst increases, increased urination, hungry, mood swings
Treatment for type 1?
Self monitor insulin levels
Regular healthy meals, exercise
How can insulin be taken? (2)
Injections
Programmable pump under skin
Can people with type 2 diabetes produce insulin?
Yes
Why do people with type 2 diabetes have high blood sugars when they can produce insulin?
The insulin receptors on body cells are desensitized
Why do insulin receptors become desensitised with type 2 diabetes? What lifestyle choices can cause this?
Previously been exposed to too much insulin
Lack of exercise
Diet: high in fat, sugar, NaCl, low in fibre
Smoking
What physiological features leads to desensitisation of beta cells?
Obesity
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
How can type 2 lead to type 1?
Insulin released, doesn’t enter cells, so more insulin released
Overproduction of insulin by beta cells = their destruction
No early symptoms, but if left untreated there is a greater risk of: (list any 3 out of 7)
Heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, eye/skin/foot problems, nerve damage
How can the effects of type 2 lessen? (3)
Diet: low g.i. Foods
Exercise
Maintain healthy weight
How is type 2 treated?
Monitor blood-glucose levels
Medication to re-sensitise insulin receptors
