Regional Organizations Flashcards
Advantages of regional organizations
deeper knowledge of region
group problem solving
shared norms and opinions
What is a free trade agreement
free trade (lowest form of integration)
What is a customs union
- free trade
- common external tariffs
What is a common market
-free movement of goods, services and capital
What is an economic union
- common market
- economic and monetary cooperation (common policies)
What is an economic and monetary union
-common market
-common currency
(highest form of integration)
Difference between security community and collective defense
security community = security cooperation
collective defense = nato - defend against external attack
Define a ‘region’
geographical proximity, mutual interdependence (traditional) shared identity, norms and values (constructivist) huge diversity (intergovernmental and supranational)
3 Theories why regionalism happens
- federalism: substantive integration through supranational creation
- functionalism: form follows function (smaller steps)
- neofunctionalism: spillover effect
Critics of regionalism theories:
- limits of applicability (stems from West)
- overemphasis on willingness to cooperate
- limited by specific historical factors
Organization of American States objectives
peace and security -> collective defense (rio treaty)
promote democracy
eradicate poverty
ASEAN why (incentive)?
1967
need for security after Vietnam war and communism
ASEAN principals
- non-intervention
- intergovernmentalism
- peaceful conflict resolution -> constructive engagement (Myanmar)
- prevention of competing allies
- common solutions
ASEAN key feature ‘ASEAN - X practice’
don’t have to adopt all new integrations
AU Origins
OAU -> AU
becoming independent from colonial states
AU objectives
- unity and solidarity between African countries and peoples of Africa -> only receive help from African countries
- defend sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence
- promote human and people’s rights
- promote sustainable development
Whats the African Peer Review Mechanism
for transparency, each country reporting on HR
The Council of Europe origins
1949
prevent european war
specific focus on human rights
The Council of Europe - European court of human rights
complaint mechanism complementarity dilemnas: 1. caseload crisis 2. lack of enforcement 3. membership 4. varying compliance
Economic integration order from least to most:
Free trade -> customs union -> common market -> economic union -> economic and monetary union
UN-AU relationship:
- begin for socio-economic development
- 90s: peace and security
- UN assisted in AU capacity building: ‘10 year cap building programme’
- AU enforces peace; UN keeps peace once established (however AU has been downgraded before)
- AU needs UN for resources which are insufficient
- both need eachother
