Regional Anatomy: Thoracic Wall & Diaphragm

Question 1

Thoracic Vertebrae: Articulation with Ribs

Answer 1

Superior costal facet articulates w/ part of its own rib; Inferior costal facet articules w/ part of head of rib below; Transverse costal facet at end of transverse process articulates w/ tubercle of own rib

Question 2

True ribs vs false ribs

Answer 2

True: upper seven. False: 8-10

Question 3

Two parts of the tubercle

Answer 3

articular part: medial, has oval facet for articulation w/ a corresponding facet on the transverse process of the associated vertebra. Raised nonarticular part: roughened by ligament attachments

Question 4

Special things about certain ribs

Answer 4

Rib I-articulates only w/ body of T1, so has only one articular surface. Rib II-is flat like I but is twice as long. Rib X: head has a single facet for articulation w/ its own vertebrae. XI & XII articulate only w/ bodies of own vertebrae, have no tubercles or necks.

Question 5

Suprasternal Notch

Answer 5

Projects onto T2 & T3

Question 6

Sternal Angle/ Angle of Louis

Answer 6

where manubrium & body join, projects posteriorly to T4 & T5

Question 7

Sternum (Location)

Answer 7

Directly anterior to heart

Question 8

Xiphisternal Joint

Answer 8

Projects to T9 posteriorly

Question 9

Nipple

Answer 9

In males, is in 4th intercostal space

Question 10

Apex beat (?) of heart

Answer 10

5th intercostal space, 3.5 inches from midline

Question 11

Costotransverse Joints

Answer 11

synovial joints b/t tubercle of a rib and the transverse process of the related vertebra

Question 12

Costotransverse Ligament

Answer 12

Medial to joint, attaches neck of rib to the transverse process

Question 13

Lateral costotransverse ligament

Answer 13

lateral to joint, attaches top of transverse process to rough nonarticular part of tubercle of rib

Question 14

Sternocostal Joints

Answer 14

Joints b/t the upper seven costal cartilages and the sternum

Question 15

Interchondral Joints

Answer 15

Occur b/t costal cartilages of adjacent ribs

Question 16

Manubriosternal Joints

Answer 16

Usually Symphyses

Question 17

External Intercostals

Answer 17

Most superficial of the intercostals. Superior attachment: inferior margin of rib above. Inferior attachment: superior margin of rib below. Innervation: Intercostal nerves; T1-T11. Most active during inspiration, moves ribs superiorly. Muscle fibers pass obliquely anteroinferiorly

Question 18

Internal Intercostals

Answer 18

Superior attachment: Lateral edge of costal groove of rib above. Inferior attachment: superior margin of rib below deep to attachment of related external intercostal. Innervation: Intercostal nerves T1-T11. Fxn: expiration, moves ribs inferiorly. Muscle fibers pass obliquely posteroinferiorly

Question 19

Innermost Intercostal

Answer 19

Superior attachment-medial edge of costal groove of rib above. Inferior attachment: internal aspect of superior margin of rib below. Innervation: Intercostal nerves T1-T11. Fxn: same thing as internal

Question 20

Anterior Intercostal Arteries

Answer 20

Lateral branches from internal thoracic.

Question 21

Posterior Intercostal Arteries

Answer 21

Upper two on each side derived from supreme intercostal artery. Remaining nine pairs of posterior intercostal arteries arise from posterior surface of thoracic aorta.

Question 22

Arterial Supply to Diaphragm

Answer 22

from above: pericardiacophrenic and musculophrenic (branches of internal thoracic), superior phrenic. From below: inferior phrenic, which branch directly from abdominal aorta.

Question 23

Innervation of Diaphragm

Answer 23

Phrenic Nerves