Regional Anatomy: Thoracic Wall & Diaphragm Flashcards
Thoracic Vertebrae: Articulation with Ribs
Superior costal facet articulates w/ part of its own rib; Inferior costal facet articules w/ part of head of rib below; Transverse costal facet at end of transverse process articulates w/ tubercle of own rib
True ribs vs false ribs
True: upper seven. False: 8-10
Two parts of the tubercle
articular part: medial, has oval facet for articulation w/ a corresponding facet on the transverse process of the associated vertebra. Raised nonarticular part: roughened by ligament attachments
Special things about certain ribs
Rib I-articulates only w/ body of T1, so has only one articular surface. Rib II-is flat like I but is twice as long. Rib X: head has a single facet for articulation w/ its own vertebrae. XI & XII articulate only w/ bodies of own vertebrae, have no tubercles or necks.
Suprasternal Notch
Projects onto T2 & T3
Sternal Angle/ Angle of Louis
where manubrium & body join, projects posteriorly to T4 & T5
Sternum (Location)
Directly anterior to heart
Xiphisternal Joint
Projects to T9 posteriorly
Nipple
In males, is in 4th intercostal space
Apex beat (?) of heart
5th intercostal space, 3.5 inches from midline
Costotransverse Joints
synovial joints b/t tubercle of a rib and the transverse process of the related vertebra
Costotransverse Ligament
Medial to joint, attaches neck of rib to the transverse process
Lateral costotransverse ligament
lateral to joint, attaches top of transverse process to rough nonarticular part of tubercle of rib
Sternocostal Joints
Joints b/t the upper seven costal cartilages and the sternum
Interchondral Joints
Occur b/t costal cartilages of adjacent ribs
Manubriosternal Joints
Usually Symphyses
External Intercostals
Most superficial of the intercostals. Superior attachment: inferior margin of rib above. Inferior attachment: superior margin of rib below. Innervation: Intercostal nerves; T1-T11. Most active during inspiration, moves ribs superiorly. Muscle fibers pass obliquely anteroinferiorly
Internal Intercostals
Superior attachment: Lateral edge of costal groove of rib above. Inferior attachment: superior margin of rib below deep to attachment of related external intercostal. Innervation: Intercostal nerves T1-T11. Fxn: expiration, moves ribs inferiorly. Muscle fibers pass obliquely posteroinferiorly
Innermost Intercostal
Superior attachment-medial edge of costal groove of rib above. Inferior attachment: internal aspect of superior margin of rib below. Innervation: Intercostal nerves T1-T11. Fxn: same thing as internal
Anterior Intercostal Arteries
Lateral branches from internal thoracic.
Posterior Intercostal Arteries
Upper two on each side derived from supreme intercostal artery. Remaining nine pairs of posterior intercostal arteries arise from posterior surface of thoracic aorta.
Arterial Supply to Diaphragm
from above: pericardiacophrenic and musculophrenic (branches of internal thoracic), superior phrenic. From below: inferior phrenic, which branch directly from abdominal aorta.
Innervation of Diaphragm
Phrenic Nerves
