regents Flashcards
earliest colonies in america
jamestown:
businessman, plantations
massachusetts bay:
puritans, religious freedom
new amsterdam :
dutch traders, furs
mercantilism
colonies are made for importing goods back to motherland, limited colonial trade
salutary neglect
americans could basically do anything as long as raw materials were being imported back to england
early examples of democracy in american colonies
mayflower compact:
puritans in massachusetts
self government
house of burgesses:
virginia (jamestown) first elected legislature
first step towards representative gov
french and indian war
war america + british against french + indian
american victory
bad relationships between sides
end of french and indian war
1763- end
britain lost a lot of money from war, thought america should help pay for it
END OF SALUTARY NEGLECT
stamp act, sugar act, tea act
no taxation without representation
response to the tea act, stamp act and sugar act
protests include:
- boston tea party
- stamp act congress
- first continental congress
- second continental congress
declaration of independence
during second continental congress americans decided they wanted to break away from britain (yay!)
assigned thomas jefferson to write down all the grievances america faced or something
main ideas: (inspired by JOHN LOCKE)
- everyone born with unalienable natural rights
- social contract: people owe loyalty to government in exchange for government acting in their best interest
- the people can alter or abolish government if government fails to do their job
- government gets its power from consent of the governed
articles of confederation
weak government set up bc they feared strong gov
anti feds wanted this
- one branch (legislative)
- states had most power, weak central government
- failed to defeat shay’s rebellion L bozo
shay’s rebellion
people in debt after american rev
gov wanted to collect taxes
debt prisons, farmers losing farms
BOOOO
big rebellion
northwest ordinance
defined procedure for adding new states into nation
constitutional convention
people decided article of confederations was too weak + wanted new government
wanted a new document, created document at constitutional convention
framers wrote constitution yay
representation in congress
large states - proportional representation (population based)
small states - equal representation (self explanatory)
the great compromise
agreement ab representation in congress between big and small states
2 house congress:
- house of representatives (population)
- senate (equal)
federalists vs antifeds
federalists:
- strong central government
antifeds:
- weaker government
- demanded passage of bill of rights to protect poor people from gov abuse
main ideas in constitution
limited government
- gov shouldnt have too much power
separation of powers
- 3 branches (executive, legislative, judicial)
checks and balances
- each branch has the power to limit the power of the others
flexibility
- constitution is adaptable to change
federalism
- power shared between state and federal
george washington
- said that the foreign policy of the US should be isolationism (us stays out of European affairs)
- stepped down after 2 terms
- created national bank
thomas jefferson v hamilton
jefferson
- strict constructionist: believed words of constitution should be followed closely
- feared that government was too strong
- no national bank
hamilton
- loose constructionist: constitution should be more flexible
- wanted strong government
- yes national bank
fight created first political parties
unwritten constitution
certain customs and traditions government was to follow despite not being in the constitution itself
- 2 term limit
- two main political parties
- ability to create a cabinet (secretary of state, treasury, etc.)
- judicial review (chief justice john marshall) supreme court can declare laws unconstitutional
- lobbying : any group in the US has the right to influence members of congress to vote in a certain way
westward expansion
1800s when US territory expanded from east coast to pacific ocean
Louisiana purchase (1803)
- bought land from france
Texas Annexation (1845)
- texas broke away from Mexico + annexed by US
Mexican Cession (1848)
- Mexico forced to give 1/3 of land to America
manifest destiny
US was “destined” to expand west + take land from others
erie canal
connected hudson river with lake erie
indian removal
andrew jackson
- granted land west of Mississippi to Indian tribes who were willing to give up land
homestead act
american citizens could claim 160 acres of gov surveyed land for farming (encouraged westward migration)
homestead act for Indians
- gave land to indians in exchange for their native land
transcontinental railroad
train route across us
connected us for the first time
built by a bunch of immigrants
contributed to westward expansion bc provided a way of travel or wtv
california gold rush
GOLD!! PEOPLE!!
people want money -> move west for gold lol
sectionalism
result of westward expansion
divisions between north + south
tensions over slavery
trail of tears
result of indian removal act
forced removal of indians from homeland
ethnic cleansing big no no
james polk
11 president
mexican american war
annexation of texas
mexican american war
happened bc of border disputes between texas and mexico
attempts to resolve disputes between slavery between north and south
missouri compromise
- everything north of this line is free, south is slave
compromise of 1850
kansas nebraska act
- bleeding kansas– fight between whether kansas is free or slave state
- repealed misouri compromise, the state has the power to choose itself whether its a free of slave state
passage of the fugitive slave law
- runaway slaves have to be returned
dred scrott decision
slaves were not citizens and they are property
rights of slave owners cannot be violated wtf
lincoln
south withdrew from union
civil war started bc lincoln sent military to south to prevent secede
won lol
jim crow laws
bad bad segregation but make it legal with these laws
during reconstruction
plessy v ferguson
segregation
seperate but equal
main reasons for industrial growth
population increasing
advances in transportation
- automobiles
advances in communication
- telegraph
new sources of energy
- oil
rise of corporations
- monopolies
open immigration policies
ideas associated with industrialization
laissez faire capitalism
- gov should not interfere with businesses
social darwinism
- rich because duh they were cut out for it
resulted in growth of monopolies and trusts
robber barrons
andrew carnegie
- steel
rockefeller
- standard oil
jp morgan
- railroads
populist party
party aimed at protecting farmers who were economically hurt by huge industries
reforms desired in the progressive era
child labor
working conditions
living conditions
womans suffrage
imperialism
extending a countrys influence through diplomacy or military force
monron doctrine
telling europe to stay out of western hemisphere
roosevelt corollary
big stick
us gave itself the right to interfere with other western hemisphere shit idk
Caribbean + latin American
spanish american war
yippee us won and gained land
took over a bunch of latin American countries
ww1
us wanted neutrality but ig not
- submarine warfare (Germany sunk us ship)
- Zimmerman note (note to Mexico from Germany– if Mexico attacks us, they’ll help)
civil liberties of people restricted
- espionage act and sedition act made it illegal to criticize government
schneck v us - supreme court said speech was illegal if it presented a clear and present danger to national security
wilsons 14 points
14 points for peace
said us should join league of nations
sentate said NOOO bc it could result in us involvement in European affairs (u go senate)
roaring twenties
period of great change when america became modernized
- jazz music
- flappers
- scopes monkey trial (battle between traditional vs modern -> religion and science ) evolution vs creation
- failure of prohibition led to crime
assembly line
created by ford allowed a lot of people to access cars
nativism
yes usa no everyone else
harlem renaissance
african american culture boom
causes of great depression
overproduction of consumer goods
overproduction of crops
too much credit- everyone bought shit on credit booo, economy crash, no money to return -> lots of debt
people put life savings on stock market, crash, no life savings
president hoover
president during great depression
didn’t do jack shit
homeless shacks / towns called hooverville
effects of the great depression
bread lines to feed poor
drought in great plains -> dust bowl
bonus march- ww1 veterans marched dc demanding the bonus the government promised them
FDR
new deal:
- work relief (jobs)
- direct relief (money, social security program)
- bank reform
saved depression yay
court packing scandal
FDR tried to increase the number of supreme court justices from 9 to 15 so more will approve of his new deal reforms
neutrality acts
prevented US from taking part in WWII
important events that happened inside US WWII
manhattan project - TOP SECREAT YEAHHH for atomic bomb
japanese americans in internment camps
rationing programs at home
war bonds bought for war
victory gardens for food
end of WWII
us dropped two bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki 1945
GI bill helped veterans get a college education and provided funds towards housing
nuremberg trials - nazi war criminals on trial
creation of united nations
containment
stop spread of communism
- marshall plan : lending money to europe
- truman doctrine : we have a duty to stop spread of communism
- berlin airlift : sent stuff to berlin over the wall
- korean war - north vs south
- bay of pigs - get rid of this dictator in cuba
- cuban missile crisis : missiles from USSR in cuba
