Regenration EQ2

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

• It is a vital part of lived experience and affects how people engage with their place
• It varies between individuals and groups of people and depends of factors such as age, social class, ethnicity
• People may have positive or negative viewed about their place, which may alter over time

Question 2

Successful places

Answer 2

• Regions perceived as successful tend to be self-sustaining as more people and investment are drawn to the opportunities created
• However, issues may arise such as: overheated property prices, congestion of transport, skill shortages

Question 3

Berkshire- successful urban area

Answer 3

• The population of Berkshire is rising quickly (between 2001 and 2011 there was an increase by 6.4%)
• There are high employment rates
• It is home to many ICT companies that provide well-paid jobs
• It is surrounded by attractive countryside, making the area desirable to live in and potential for recreational businesses
• Close proximity to Heathrow airport and M4 motorway

Issues:
- Property prices have risen by 40-50% between 2005 and 2015. As a result property prices are out of reach for 20% of the working age population
- Large number of tech companies require skilled workers. It is estimated that 70,000 well qualified workers will be needs by 2020

Question 4

Beattyville- a declining rural settlement

Answer 4

• In the 2012 census, it became one of the USA’s poorest towns
• It’s population of around 1200 live mostly in trailers and log cabins
• The median household income is $12,000
• 50% of it’s families live below the poverty line
• Only 5% of it’s residents have college degrees
• Multiple generation living together under one roof
• Male life expectancy is 8 years lower than the US average
• In 2013, 56% of accidental deaths in Kentucky were due to drug overdoses

Question 5

Rust belt- less successful urban area

Answer 5

• The rust belt refers to the concentration of problems associated with the loss of employment and large scale deindustrialising of manufacturing area
• As a result, many regions such as Chicago have struggled and are now characterised by increasing poverty, declining population and near bankruptcy

Question 6

Civic engagement

Answer 6

The ways in which people participate in their community in order to improve the quality of life for others or to shape their community’s future

Question 7

Political apathy

Answer 7

People unwillingly to accept the conditions they live in but feel to powerful to do anything

Question 8

Levels of engagement

Answer 8

• There is considerable variation in political engagement across the UK
• 7.5 million eligible voters were not registered in 2015. Of eligible voters registered, 66% did not cast their vote
• Poor, black and young people in urban areas are least likely to be on the electoral roll

Question 9

Factors affecting level of engagement

Answer 9

• Age: especially if combined with length of residence in a place
• Length of residence: new migrants and students have less of a strong attachment than long-standing locals
• Levels of deprivation: higher level of deprivation may be associated with anti-establishment views; those in temporary accommodation may feel less ‘at home’ than owner occupiers
• Gender: women are generally more active in the community than men, especially if they have children

Question 10

Lived experience

Answer 10

The actual experience of living in a particular place or environment. Such experience can have a profound impact on a person’s perceptions and values, as well as their general outlook on the world

Question 11

Attachment to place

Answer 11

The perception, and attachment to, any place will depend on obvious factors such as age, length of residence, ethnicity and deprivation, but also the media’s portrayal in addition to government and private businesses policies and projects are successful for that particular person

Question 12

Marginalisation, exclusion and social polarisation

Answer 12

• People and groups may be marginalised or pushed out to edges by the dominant culture
• Exclusion is the extreme form of marginalisation, when people’s access to services and opportunities is restricted

Question 13

Rural- urban interdependence

Answer 13

• People in rural areas depend on towns and cities for many key services, including healthcare, education and recreation. Commuter villages and towns may also depend on urban areas for employment
• Urban people rely on the countryside for food and non-food products, and value the landscape and environment in rural areas for leisure

Question 14

Views and conflicts

Answer 14

• Conflicts can occur among contrasting groups in communities that have different views about the priorities and strategies for regeneration

Question 15

2011 London riots

Answer 15

• Different groups within a city often having contrasting experiences of day-to-day issues, which frequently results in radically different views about the need for regeneration

Causes:
- Poor relationships between police and black community in Tottenham
- Anger about bonuses paid to bankers
- Increased university tuition fees
- High youth unemployment
- Alienated and disaffected youth population
- Urban depreciation
- Petty criminality

Question 16

Regeneration in Tottenham, London- conflicts about regeneration

Answer 16

• This area has seen continual economic decline since the 1970s, with some of the highest unemployment in the city. Illegal landlords pack families into overcrowded accommodations, as well as gang culture making the integration of communities difficult
• The mayor of London has invested £28 million in Tottenham, but often a scheme will benefit some yet disenfranchise others
• The rebuilding of the Peacock industrial estate, 5000 jobs were created, however it required the closure of local businesses, such as a small-scale furniture shop that are unique to London’s economy
• Furthermore, plans to build 10,000 new homes around Tottenham Hale station received criticism from locals about the affordability of the houses, which would result in reduced profits from the project. They are also concerned about local residents losing out to gentrification, especially if the prices are lower than the London average as it will attract workers struggling to afford London’s high prices. Others are worried about the religious diversity of churches created by African-Caribbean community being lost.