Regenerative Rehabilitation

Question 1

What is regenerative medicine?

Answer 1

Replacement of injured,

diseased or missing body parts with functional and site appropriate tissue

Question 2

What advantage does regenerative medicine have over transplants?

Answer 2

Goes beyond transplants to overcome inadequate donor supply and issues with autoimmunity

Question 3

What tissue is used to create bioinductive scaffolding?

Answer 3

Intestinal submucosa (porcine)

Question 4

What is the advantage of using bioinductive scaffolding?

Answer 4

Provides an environment/structure for regeneration to occur

Being used to regenerate / heal integumentary and muscle tissue

Question 5

What are 4 types of stem cells?

Answer 5

1. Embryonic
2. Fetal
3. Adult
4. Induced

Question 6

What are 3 source of stem cells?

Answer 6

1. Autogenic (stem cells from patients own blood)
2. Allogenic (stem cells from matching donor)
3. Xenognic (stem cells from animals/different species)

Question 7

What is the hierarchy of stem cells?

Answer 7

1. Totipotent (can develop into any type of cell)
2. Pluripotent (can make cells from all 3 layers of the body)
3. Multipotent (can develop into more than one cell type)

Question 8

What is cloning?

Answer 8

A number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity

Question 9

What 3 conditions are required for regeneration?

Answer 9

1. Blood flow
2. Presence of growth factors
3. Appropriate loading

Question 10

What are the effects of intermittent hypoxia on stem cell growth?

Answer 10

Increases proliferation of stem cells and resulting number of neurons in animal models

Question 11

What is mechanotransduction? How can this occur?

Answer 11

Any of various mechanisms by which cells convert mechanical stimulus into electrochemical activity

Occurs by exerting forces on tissues and altering their morphology/function

Question 12

What gives rise to the intracellular matrix?

Answer 12

Scaffolding of microtubules provides ICM with stiffness that disperses compressive, tensile/shear forces throughout the cell

Question 13

What 3 things occur as a results of exposing a cell to mechanical stimuli?

Answer 13

1. Up or down regulation of an organelle
2. Up or down regulation of a cytosolic function
3. Translocation of transcription factors into the cell nucleus

Question 14

What stage of gene expression takes place in the nucleus?

Answer 14

TRANSCRIPTION