Regenerative Medicine - Bemis Flashcards
1
Q
What happens in CNS regeneration?
A
No axonal regeneration
- axonal injury happens
- macrophages are unable to clear debris because they cannot cross BBB
- inhibitory molecules released
- Nogo, Mag, OGmp
- Glial scar forms
2
Q
What happens in PNS regeneration?
A
Axonal regeneration present!
- axonal injury occurs
- macrophages clear debris
- no inhibitory molecules present
- extending growth cone appears
- repairs made, but may not track correctly
3
Q
What three inhibitory proteins are present after CNS axonal damage? What do they do?
A
- NoGo
- MAG
- OMgp
Rearrange actin cytoskeleton and bind integrins blocking adhesion.
4
Q
What is the response of PNS neurons to axonal injury?
A
- Schwann cells detach from axons
- start proliferating
- help recruited macrophages clear up cellular/myelin debris
- Schwann cells express stimulating factors
- create favorable environment for nerve regrowth towards the target organ
5
Q
What is anterograde degeneration?
A
Dying forward - degeneration distal to the injury
6
Q
What is Wallerian degeneration?
A
- transection of an axon –> blocking of axoplasmic flow
- degeneration distal to the injury
- axonal retraction proximally
7
Q
What is chromatolysis?
A
- dissolution of the Nissl bodies in the cell body of a neuron due to damage (neuro toxic chemical)
- cytoplasmic pallor
- nucleus pushed to the side/edge of cell
8
Q
What are the anticipated advantages of using pluripotent cells for therapeutic intervention in the nervous system?
A
- Pluripotent cells
- use mesenchymal stem cells from adipose, bone marrow, and skeletal muscle
- differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and myocytes
- Improve spinal fusion
9
Q
What are the anticipated advantages of using stem cells for therapeutic intervention in the nervous system?
A
- Can be injected and form multiple types of cells needed for repair due to pluripotency
- May be engineered to secrete needed factors for the regeneration process
- May be monitored for progression of the repair
