Regenerative medicine

Question 1

_____________ and ____________ are two primary ______________ cytokines that initiate and participate in the destructive cytokine cascade in osteoarthritis, leading to catabolic morphological changes within the joint, most notably, erosion of articular cartilage.

Answer 1

Interleukin-1 (IL-1); tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); proinflammatory;

Question 2

________________________ is produced by conditioning certain blood components (primarily monocytes) to increase endogenous production of IL-1ra. It also increases production of additional disease-modifying anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13.

Answer 2

Autologous conditioned serum (ACS)

Question 3

T/F: Use of PRP carries the risk of mutagenic activity and tumor formation.

Answer 3

False; PRP does not act directly on the cell nucleus, thereby eliminating any possible risk of mutagenic activity and tumor formation

Question 4

T/F: PRP has an indirect regulatory effect on cellular processes such as mitogenesis, chemotaxis, differentiation, and metabolism.

Answer 4

False; PRP is thought to be advantageous in tissue healing because it has a direct regulatory effect on cellular processes such as mitogenesis, chemotaxis, differentiation, and metabolism.

Question 5

T/F: The secretion of growth factors begins several hours after the introduction of PRP into the site of injury when the clotting cascade starts.

Answer 5

False; The secretion of growth factors begins a few minutes after the introduction of PRP into the site of injury when the clotting cascade starts.

Question 6

T/F: Adult mesenchymal cells, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells express transmembrane receptors for growth factors contained in PRP.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Platelets may continue to release growth factors for several days after reaching the injury site, because the half-life of platelets has been estimated to be ___ to ___ ______.

Answer 7

5 to 7 days