Regeneration EQ2 - Need for regeneration Flashcards
What is perception?
How people view/regard a place, a vital part of lived experience impacting how people engage with their place
How can ‘successful’ regions be perceived as self sustaining?
More people and investment are drawn to the opportunities created, both from inside the country and from other places
What are the qualities of successful regions?
Positives:
- high employment rates
- inward migration
- low levels of multiple deprivation
- investment attracted
Negatives:
- high/overheated property prices
- skills shortages
- congestion of roads and public transport
How is San Francisco a successful place, and what are the drawbacks?
1990s - became focus of California’s new ‘gold rush’, home to global internet businesses such as Dropbox and Twitter. Phenomenal job growth seen in STEM biotech, life sciences and digital media companies - multiplier effect (highly skilled workforce).
DRAWBACKS: ‘Google effect’ of gentrification causes discontent from some established but less affluent displaced locals
What is the intergenerational cycle?
Educational underachievement and poor health is passed from parents to their children.
What are the social consequences of inequality?
- segregation of different socio-economic groups, property damage and violent crime
- health issues
- higher infant mortality and lowered life expectancy
- status competition, driving less-affluent people into debt in an attempt to keep up with a peer group practising a higher level of consumerism
What are the qualities of unsuccessful regions due to economic restructuring?
Spiral of decline:
- increasing levels of social deprivation: health, education, crime, access to services and living environment
What is the Rust Belt?
The geographic region from New York through the Midwest that was once dominated by manufacturing, now characterised by declining industry and falling population
What are the impacts of the spiral of decline from the Rust Belt in Detroit?
- population dropped by 50%
- 100,000 abandoned homes and buildings
- 2014 = 2nd highest murder rate of any US city
What are reinventor cities?
Cities that have changed their economic base successfully by encouraging IT and digital media, have higher wages, graduate workers, new businesses and productivity.
What are replicator cities?
Those that have replaced cotton mills with call centres and dock yards with distribution centres - therefore are less sustainable. They tend to have a higher share of workers with low qualifications and a working age population claiming benefits. Remain tied into their once powerful manufacturing industries
What are the 4 areas which demonstrate significant variations in social and economic inequalities, generating priority for regeneration?
Sink estates vs gated communities
Declining rural settlements vs commuter towns
Areas needing regeneration can be often found spatially very close to those which have no need for it at all. This is especially true in urban areas!!
What is a sink estate?
A housing estate characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation and crime, especially domestic violence, drugs and gangs.
E.g. the Barracks in Glasgow
What are gated communities?
Wealthy residential areas that are fenced off. They are landscapes of surveillance (CCTV and 24/7 security guards) found in urban and rural settlements as either individual buildings or groups of houses. Designed to deter access by unknown people and reduce crime
What are commuter villages?
Settlements that have a proportion of their population living in them but who commute out daily or weekly, usually to larger settlements either nearby or further afield