Regeneration - EQ1

Question 1

How do differences in pay create variations in quality of life?

Answer 1

• People in high paying jobs tend to be in better health as they jobs are less physically demanding. They may also receive private healthcare as a benefit for their work
• Wealthier people can afford to live in more devolved areas which gives better access to healthier food and good quality green spaces, which contributes to better health
• High earners can also send their children to private schools which gives them better education and improves their job prospects

Question 2

How are inequalities of pay levels reflected in quality of live indices?

Answer 2

• Deprivation is still concentrated in areas with a manufacturing history (and so a history of low incomes), such as London Liverpool and Manchester
• Many deprived London boroughs such as Hackney have become less deprived over time due to regeneration

Question 3

What impact does employment have on social factors?

Answer 3

• There is a correlation between type and quality of employment and social factors such as health, life expectancy and education
  - The better the quality and pay the employment offers, the better the social factors are; there is a positive correlation between the two

Question 4

What correlation is there between employment and education?

Answer 4

• The majority of those who are unemployed are less likely to have achieved high levels of education
• Those who achieved high levels of education are more likely to be in high paying jobs

Question 5

What is the FUNCTION of a place?

Answer 5

It is determined by the type of people who live there and the influences on their lives

Question 6

What are demographic characteristics?

Answer 6

The people who live in an area; their age and ethnicity

Question 7

What are some physical factors for function and demographic change?

Answer 7

• Environmental and climate change concerns result in a change in function for some areas of land
  
  • Some farmland has been changed into solar panel farms
  • Eco-friendly buildings are being introduced to cities
  • More places nationwide are receiving flood defences

Question 8

What impact does accessibility and connection have on function and demographic change?

Answer 8

• The development of the U.K’s motorway network led to the decline of railway towns since the 1960s, such as Crew and Nuneaton
• Greater railway access to the East of London as well as Kent and Essex result in these areas becoming new commuter hot spots as their houses are more affordable that the rest of London
• Regional airports in smaller UK cities has led to increased immigration from the EU

Question 9

What impact does historical development have on function and demographic change?

Answer 9

• Some towns remain as historical towns as they preserve their original layouts and buildings
• In some towns historical agriculture land is being transformed into commercial, retail, residential or infrastructure purposes

Question 10

What impact does government policy have on the function and demographic change of an area?

Answer 10

• Government planning stops urban sprawl due to the green belt policy
• The government has designated new ‘garden cities’ such as Bicester where 13k houses were built to try and combat the housing crisis

Question 11

How can we measure land use change?

Answer 11

• We can see what the land is used for now e.g Residential or commercial
• We can see what the land was used for historically through photographs and maps

Question 12

How can we measure change in employment levels?

Answer 12

• The change in the type of employment
• The change in employment sectors
• The change in unemployment levels

Question 13

How can we measure demographic changes?

Answer 13

• Census data
• Age changes, ethnicity changes
• Migration

Question 14

How can we measure changes in levels of deprivation?

Answer 14

• Using the index of multiple deprivation

- By measuring changes in health, education, crime and employment

Question 15

How have regional connections shaped Kingston and Hackney?

Answer 15

Kingston:

• Kingston has become a commuter borough as there are over 10 train stations as well as the A3 which make it quick and easy to access London
• Kingston is a hub for shopping as it has the rotunda shopping centre as well as many other high street shops

Hackney:
-There are many overground and national rail stations which makes it attractive to young professionals who work in London

Question 16

How have national connections shaped Kingston and Hackney?

Answer 16

Kingston:
Kingston is one of the least deprived and safest boroughs in both London and the whole of the U.K. For this reason it is a very attractive and expensive borough

Hackney:
Hackney is being regenerated and gentrified as well as receiving new rail lines which has led to a growth in house prices in the area which in turn attracts young professionals to the are

Question 17

How have international connections shaped the characteristics of Kingston and Hackney?

Answer 17

Kingston:
The large Korean community in the area led to both the Korean embassy and Samsung European headquarters being located in New Malden
Kingston university attracts a large number of international students into the area

Hackney:
Hackney has a large Jewish population which has led to exchanges between Hackney and Israel
In 2016 Hackney received a £1B fund from the EU to build thousands of affordable homes in the area

Question 18

How have global connections shaped characteristics of Kingston and Hackney?

Answer 18

Kingston:
There are a large number of global brands in the borough, mostly concentrated in the town centre
Unilever headquarters are located in Kingston; a major global brand

Hackney:
Due to high broadband speeds, many global tech firms are locating and investing in the area
Many global brands are located in Hackney, and the often outcompete the local businesses