Regeneration Case Studies Flashcards
Local Place
Location= Newcastle Quayside
£27,000
0.3%primary 8% secondary
11% unemployed
15%= own home
life expectancy= 71.1
65% white
6% 65+
20% students
national influences= industrial revolution, regeneration
international influences= deindustrialisation (global shift), cultural diffusion (restaurants)
avg property price= £150,000
trade to industry (ship building) to leisure and administration (law courts)
Contrasting Place
Location: Keswick Lake District
£19,000
2% primary 14% secondary
3% unemployed
64%= own home
life expectancy 71.8
97.6%hite
30% 65+
national influences= lake district assigned as a national park, 2001 foot and mouth disease
international influences= world heritage site, themes of sustainability and low carbon economy
avg house prices= £340,000 (25% experience significant barriers to housing and services)
agriculture to mining (graphite for pencils) to tourism
Successful urban region
Location: Sydney
population= 5 million
1.5 million born overseas
250 languages spoken
overseas owned banks + TNCs= leasing financial centre of the Asia-Pacific region
income 7th highest of any city
ranks 10th for quality of life
ranks in top 15 expensive cities
young economically active workforce= median age 36
low levels of multiple deprivation
gated communities have grown
Declining urban region
Location: Detroit
decline began in 1970s
due to global shift auto companies, including Ford, moved elsewhere
declared bankruptcy in 2014
in 2010 25% drop in population from previous decade
some of the highest crime rate in the US
median household income lower than national average at $32,000
Declining rural region
Location: Beattyville
in “coal country”
the coal industries decline has led to problems
one of USAs poorest towns
population of 1270 live mainly in trailer homes
median household income= $12000
half of its families live below poverty line
only 5% have college degrees
in 2013 drug overdoses accounted for 56% of accidental deaths
life expectancy 8 years below national for men= 68.3
Community Engagement
Location: Grampound
in 2008 named 2n best community in UK
in 2014 community opened its own local shop 257/280 households became shareholders
low numbers of secondary home owners
county councillor lives in village= more engagement with politics (63% turn out in Parish Council election compared to 30%avg nationally)
older than average population
96.1% are British
52% are female
Community conflict
Location: Tottenham
riots in the 1980s
conflict between the black community and the police
mayor of London invested £28million in Tottenham
500 new jobs created
National (UK) government regeneration: Transport
HS2:
national
between London and other regions:
phase one links London to Birmingham
phase two links Manchester to Leeds
road congestion cost the UK 22 billion each year
HS2 provides:
60000 construction jobs
overall economic benefits= 13.3bn
HS2 cost= 50bn
Airports:
10% increase in air connectivity= 0.5% increase in GDP
UK government to designate regional airports as free ports following Brexit= could create over 86,000 jobs for Northern communities/ spur investment and growth for the whole of UK
will help to address regional imbalance for economic growth and make regional airports attractive places to visit
Heathrow airport expansion:
-£20billion cost
-create 70,000jobs
National (UK) government regeneration: Deregulation
national government has been deregulating markets since 1970
Resulted in:
-banking, finance and business services contributing 30% of UKs GDP= some of which has been used in regeneration projects i.e Canary Wharf into London Financial Centre
National (UK) government regeneration: International migration
opening UKs orders to migration
in 2008 8 eastern countries joined the EU
more people from this countries migrated to UK- particularly Poles (2nd largest minority ethnicity in UK:
-Corby was a town with ageing/non skilled population
Rural rebranding
Location: Lake District
taste district=food festivals, farmers markets and fine dining
adventure capital= many farms have diversified to include some outdoor pursuits e.g Derwent Hill known as the adventure capital of the UK
literacy heritage= lake district has been home to many authors encourages tourists to visit the homes, villages or graves of some famous figures
Rural rebranding
Location: Giants Causeway
-UNESCO world heritage site since 1986
-£18million visitor centre opened in 2013
-access rd was updated into a bus route
-this transport provision changes the perspective as tourists perceive it to be safe despite the fact the landscape could be quite dangerous
-changes are important for the economy but locals are concerned yo ur oats are dominating and tuning the community as only stay seasonally
-this has created conflict
Urban rebranding
Location: Titanic Quarter
one of Europe’s largest water front developments
-Titanic was built here so includes the name and historic maritime landmarks to show its history
-Titanic Velfast visitor centre welcomed 1 million visitors in first year of opening, of which 70% were from outside the Northern Ireland
-since 2006 has attracted over 100nationak and international companies 6,000 jobs
- has become Europe’s largest film studios
-over 3milluon visitors to Titanic Belfast since it opened
-estimated that it generates 105 million in additional tourism
-Belfast metrooolitan college was built with 5,000 full time and 10,000 part time students
-soil remediation was carried out after pollution
-plan was for 5,000 affordable homes to be built but only 474 luxury apartments have been built
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Local government regeneration: Science Parks
Location: Cambridge Science Park
in 1964 labour urged UK universities to expand their contact with industry
planning permission granted in 1971
first company moved in 1973 (Laser-scan)
by the 1990s cluster of hi-tech companies in Cambridge grew to 1200 employing around 35,000
in 2005 Cambridge science park innovation centre opened and construction of additional buildings is underway including planning granted for a hotel
Local government urban regeneration: Olympic Park
Location: Olympic Park London
following the Olympics of 2012
-Olympic park was sited on a former industrial state that had 207 local businesses employing 5000 whom were compensated to move
-Olympic village has been converted 2800 flats and apartments
the international quarter will be a mixed-use development 7000 additional homes
extensive walking trails and sport facilities
organisations have opened offices in the park which would create 25,000 jobs
lowered unemployment from 13 in 2012 to 9 per cent in 2015
they are plans to open a museum and two universities
UCL and London College o Fashion intend to have offices here
-environmentally successful=rising numbers of species due to breeding boxes and nesting sites in wetlands
-socially unsuccessful=increased property prices plus 450 residents were relocated and promise to rehouse them was never honoured
-those earning £60,000 a year now qualify for the reduced 800 “affordable” homes now available
