Globalisation Case Studies Flashcards
Increasing globalisation: Technology
-Internet= created in 1983, now extremely important in fact 40% of population have access to it= led to rapid spread of news, knowledge and opinions
Increasing globalisation: Transport
-steam power in 1800s=Britain was leading the world in terms of this= flow of good + army
-1956containerisation= over 200million container movements every year= lower cost of transport good for both businesses and consumer= flow of goods
-jet aircraft= increasing competition between affordable airlines has led to more people being able to afford to travel= flow of people (travelling between countries as got faster over time)
-transport costs have also reduced eg containerisation
Switched on location: Open door policy
Location: China
-1978 open door policy
-7 SEZ s
-led to decrease in poverty of 400million people
Switched off locations: Physical factors (environment/location)
Example: Sahel Region
-lack of coastline= reduces FDI
-arid conditions and desertification
-terrorism
-geographically isolated
-not seen as viable markets
Switched off location: Politically
Example: North Korea
-deliberately chosen to stay switched off
-citizens have no access to internet or social media
TNCs spread globalisation: global production networks
-through outsourcing and offshoring Example:Jaguar Land Rover
-wanted to again better access to emerging markets such as India and China so invested into manufacturing sites. Established an assembly plant in India in 2011
Established a partnership with Chinese company to produce vehicles and engines for several models, building an assembly plant in Shanghai where production began in 2014
-global flows of capital as money moves from different countries to the headquarters
TNCs spread globalisation: Glocalisation
Example: McDonalds
-sell mcVeggie burgers in India because the majority of population is Hindu and vegetarian- particularly avoiding beef
-oreads culture as keeps the same branding and some of the same products
Example: BMW
-right hand cars for UK but left hand for Germany
TNCs spread globalisation: Development of new markets
Example: Apple (Iphone 5c)
-wanted to appeal to the South East Asian market particularly India and China with their large populations in competition with Huwawei
-developed a cheaper alternative product called the iphone 5c
Globalisation winners:
-Indonesian government= FDI, can also tax the workers =they generate more money for themselves, although it can also be reinvested into education and healthcare
-factories/ TNCs in Indonesia= can take advantage of cheap labour
-Developed locations such as London England= english first language, connected place
-Developed locations are benefitting the most due to= TNCs, FDI, better education which means they can go for higher paid jobs in the tertiary and quaternary sectors
Globalisation losers
People affected by deindustrialisation=
-Sunderland England
-used to work in coal mines, people lost their jobs due to the mine closures, increased unemployment rates= 9% of people in the area dont have a job
Indonesia:
-nike factory workers have to live in a slum= prone to many diseases= 8x8 cement box
-paid 1 dollar a day= need to work overtime in order to get by
-the environment is affected due to waste from factories into rivers etc
-landfill sites= cancer burning chemicals released into atmosphere due to the burning of the waist created
-hardly any workers rights, therefore they are able to be paid so little- also not allowed to join a work union (protect you as a worker)
Cultural erosion: Indigneous communities
Papua New Guinea:
-Economic globalisation= ranked 68th
-the diversity of tribal culture has reduced; education of the young and intermarriage between different groups has created a divide between those following the traditional ways of life and those influenced by a “westernised” culture
-TNCs have extracted resources in PNG, with employment of local people increasing conflicts between local tribal groups
-since 1900 90/270 of Brazil’s tribes have completely disappeared
-2/3rs of remaining have populations of less than 1000
Penan tribe= fewer than 500 still live in forest
Cultural diffusion: Diets
Changing diets in Asia:
-Globalisation is helping to shift Asian diets towards “Western” styles, such as meat and vegetables rather than rice.
-As Asian people become wealthier they are more connected to “western” lifestyles helped by global supermarket chains and fast food restaurants
-from 1990s till now meat consumption has increased from 5kg to 50kg per capita= increased obesity + methane emissions
Limiting cultural diffusion
-The French government has attempted to control globalisation by restricting
foreign language media (40% of all broadcast must be French).
-Iran –=In the early 2000s, the government banned Barbie dolls and confiscated them all from
stores as they weren’t seen as appropriate for the Islamic State.
-North korea= internet is completely banned
China= ‘ The great firewall of China’ prevents unfavourable info of the government from foreign media e.g BBC i s inaccesible
Globalisation and minority groups: Disabled
Cultural Globalisation
Example: Paralympics
Opportunities for disadvantaged groups:
-World organisations such as Fifa promote anti discrimination and equality
Paralympic movement: the first competitions were held in Rome in 1960, since the event has been held directly after the Olympics using the same venues
-shows that globalisation can create new opportunities for disadvanatged groups
Globalisation and minority groups: Ethnic minorities
Example: The Equality Act 2010
-must not be discriminated against because of race
Example: BLM movement
-spread of information through social media/technology
FIFA: say no to racism campaign
-promotes anti-discrimination policies and attitudes
