Regeneration Flashcards
Tertiary, quaternary and quinary sectors.
Tertiary: service sector: tourism, banking, education
Quaternary: high-tech research and design
Quinary: knowledge management, consultancy, CEOs.
IMD?
Index of Multiple Deprivation. Govt takes 7 types of deprivation and combines to form one index in England and Wales. Lower = more deprived. E.g. income, education, employment, housing.
Kensington and Chelsea.
Very good general health. higher than average life expectancy. higher than average educational attainment levels. Some of highest percentages of people in managerial, directors or senior official positions.
Elephant and Castle regeneration.
Previous market and transport hub in London pre-war. Big target for german bombers ww2. Post war rebuilding - roundabouts, office blocks, ambitious shopping centre, brutalist heygate estate. Declined due to: congestion, failed shopping centre, heygate estate became notorious sink estate. 1.5bn redevelopment plan: heygate estate demolished and replaced with parks. built social and private housing, theatre, cafe, leisure centre. shopping centre demolished, plans for town centre. Large latin-american population encouraged many aspects of regeneration. Gentrification due to close proximity to westminster and canary wharf.
Decline of Docklands.
Factories. Containerisation - big ships down river (can’t fit to docklands). Global shift and increased tech and industrialisation meant less jobs. Emigration due to lack of employment. Abandoned houses and dereliction. Social housing and sink estates. Spiral of decline.
Regeneration of docklands through London Docklands Development Corporation.
Market-led regeneration: driven by needs of customers and businesses in the private sector. Planning power over local councils (Newham, Tower Hamlets). Companies got tax breaks attracting banks e.g. JP Morgan. New river-side pleasant housing. Jubilee line extension to Stratford. London city airport.
Impacts of LDDC.
Gentrification. Young entrepreneurs most notably. Lower-income individuals in social housing forced out to new social housing. Poverty still evident in other areas of Newham. Economic hub in world banking - Canary Wharf = Londons 2nd CBD.
Outline Beattyville as a declining rural settlement.
In Kentucky, part of coal country. Coal industry decline caused many social problems. One os USAs poorest towns. Live in trailers and log cabins. Unemployment, drug crime/problems, poor education levels, homelessness, lower than average life expectancy.
