Regenerating places - Chapter 15 - How and why places vary Flashcards
Define “Rural-urban continuum”.
The unbroken transition from sparsely populated or unpopulated, remote places to densely populated, intensively used urban places (town and city centres).
Define “place”.
Geographical spaces shaped by individuals and communities over time.
On what three scales may places change?
Local, global and national scales.
Define the term geographical “postcode lottery”.
The uneven distribution of local personal health and health services nationally, especially in mental health, early diagnosis of cancer and emergency care for the elderly.
What has caused the deindustrialisation of the steel industry in the UK?
In 2015, the Thai-owned SSI shut down with 2000 redundancies. India’s Tata shut Scunthorpe’s steel plant creating 4500 redundancies. These branches were cut to reduce costs.
Cheaper steel was available from sources in China - for every 1 steel worker that becomes unemployed, an estimated 4 more also become unemployed within the community, due to the negative multiplier effect and domino knock-on effect of unemployment in the community.
How has employment sectors in the UK changed since 1840?
During the 1840s, secondary services made up the majority of employment, with tertiary employment lagging somewhat behind and primary employment representing 22% of all employment. Over time into the 1900s, the proportion of primary sector jobs decreased, a trend that has continued until today, where only 1% of employment in the UK is primary sector employment. Secondary sector jobs, often associated with the industrial revolution of the Victorian era began to decrease around the time of WW1 in the mid 1910s. Tertiary sector jobs have increased, rapidly so since 1960, and today represent the largest job sector in the UK.
Define “regeneration”.
Regeneration is the long-term upgrading of existing places or more drastic renewal schemes for urban residential, retail, industrial and commercial areas, as well as rural areas. This sometimes includes conservation to preserve a specific identity. It is connected with rebranding, which centres on place marketing, where places are given a new or enhanced identity to increase their attractiveness and socio-economic viability.
What is the “Glasgow effect”?
The impacts of poor health linked to deprivation.
What is the pattern of life expectancies in the UK?
Life expectancies are highest in the South East of England, which is also where the lowest rates of cancers can be found. Low life expectancies can be found in large cities on the South coast such as Plymouth, Portsmouth and Bournemouth. Low life expectancies are also seen in most of Scotland, Northern Ireland, Southern Wales, Merseyside and the West Midlands.
Define “Quality of Life”.
Quality of life is the level of social and economic well-being experienced by individuals or communities measured by various indicators including health, happiness, educational achievement, income, and leisure time. It is a wider concept than ‘Standard of living’, which is centred on just income.
Define “function” [of a place]
The role a place plays for its community and surroundings. Some, usually larger places, offer regional, national or even global functions. Functions may grow, disappear and change over time. There is a hierarchy according to size and number of functions.
Define “Characteristics” [of a place]
The physical and human aspects that help distinguish one place from another: location, natural features, layout, land use, architecture and cultural traits.
Define “spatial inequality”.
Spatial inequality refers to differences across places at a neighbourhood or street level, as well as between cities or regions and countries.
What does OECD stand for?
OECD = The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
What factors may cause the function of a place to change?
New legislation (Shell) Deindustrialisation Changing demographics (Elderly vs Young) Competition Accessibility and interconnectedness
