Refresher Notes Flashcards
Minimum number of stories recommended to be provided with at least 3 approved recording accelerographs.
14
The procedures and limitations for the design of structures shall be determined by the following factors.
Zoning, site characteristics occupancy, configuring structural system, and height
Maintenance and service of accelerographs shall be provided by the _____.
Owner
Who shall be responsible for keeping the actual live load below the allowable limits and shall be liable for any failure on the structure due to overloading.
Occupant of the building
The period of continuous application of a given load or the aggregate of periods of intermittent application of the same load.
Load duration
Minimum area in square meters a member supports which the design live load may be reduced.
14 sqm.
Minimum height of any wall requiring structural design to resist loads onto which they are subjected.
1.50 mts.
Maximum deflection of a brittle finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied perpendicular to said wall.
1/240 of wall span
Maximum deflection of a flexible finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied perpendicular to said wall.
1/120 of wall span
Maximum floor area for a low-cost housing unit.
60 sqm.
The level at which the earthquake motions are considered to be imparted to the structure or the level at which the structure, as a dynamic vibrator, is supported.
Base
A member or an element provided to transfer lateral forces from portion of a structure to vertical elements of the lateral force resisting system.
Collector
A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements, it includes horizontal bracing system.
Diaphragm
The total designed lateral force or shear at the base of a structure.
Base Shear, V
An element at edge of opening or at perimeters of shear walls of diaphragm.
Boundary Element
An essentially vertical truss system. acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements, it includes horizontal bracing system.
Braced Frame
An essentially complete space frame which provides supports for gravity loads.
Building Frame System
A combination of a Special or Intermediate Moment Resisting Space Frame and Shear walls or Braced Frames.
Dual System
That form of Braced frame where at least one end of each brace intersects a beam at a point away from the column girder joint.
Eccentric Braced Frame (EBF)
The entire assemblage at the intersection of the members.
Joint
The horizontal member in a frame system, a beam.
Girder
An element of a diaphragm parallel to the applied load which collects and transfers diaphragm shear to vertical resisting elements or distributes loads within the diaphragm.
Diaphragm Strut
The boundary element of a diaphragm or a shear wall which is assumed to take the axial stresses analogous to the flanges of a beam.
Diaphragm Chord
Those structures which are necessary for emergency post-earthquake operations.
Essential facilities
The part of the structural system assigned to resist lateral forces.
Lateral Force Resisting System
Moment resisting Space Frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile behavior.
Ordinary Moment Resisting Space Frame
The displacement of one level relative to the level above or below.
Story Drift
The usable capacity of a structure or its members to resist loads within the deformation limits prescribed in this document.
Strength
The lower rigid portion of a structure having a vertical combination of structural system.
Platform
Horizontal truss system that serves the same function as a diaphragm.
Horizontal Bracing System
An assemblage of framing members designed to support gravity loads within the deformation limits prescribed in this document.
Structure
A structural system without complete vertical load carrying space frame providing support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames.
Bearing Wall System
A structural system with essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames.
Building Frame System
A structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity loads. Moment resisting frames provide resistance to lateral load primarily by flexural action of members.
Moment Resisting Frame System
Is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of that of the story above.
Weak Story
An elastic or inelastic dynamic analysis in which a mathematical model of the structure is subjected to a ground motion time history. The structure’s time-dependent dynamic response to these motion is obtained through numerical integration of its equations of motions.
Time History Analysis
The effects on the structure due to earthquake motions acting in directions other than parallel to the direction of resistance under consideration.
Orthogonal Effect
The secondary effect on shears and moments of frame members included by the vertical loads acting on the laterally displaced building frame.
P-delta Effect
Material other than water , aggregate, or hydraulic cement, used as an ingredient of concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties.
Admixture
Concrete that does not conform to definition of reinforced concrete.
Plain Concrete
Upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral dimension of less than three.
Pedestal
Ratio of normal stress to corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses below proportional limit of material.
Modulus of Elasticity
In prestressed concrete, temporary force exerted by device that introduces tension into prestressing tendons.
Jacking Force
Length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section.
Embedment Length
Stress remaining in prestressing tendons after all losses have occurred, excluding effects of dead load and superimposed loads.
Effective Prestress
Length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section.
Development Length
Friction resulting from bends or curves in the specified prestressing tendon profile.
Curvature Friction
Concrete containing lightweight aggregate.
Structural Lightweight Concrete
Prestressing tendon that is bonded to concrete either directly of through grouting.
Bonded Tendon
ASTM A36
Structural Steel
High-Yield Strength Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding.
ASTM A514
True or False, Bar larger than 32mm in diameter shall not be bundled in beams.
TRUE
Minimum concrete cover for a Prestressed concrete for beams and columns for primary reinforcements.
40 mm
In a material under tension or compression, the absolute value of the ratio transverse strain to the corresponding longitudinal strain.
Poisson’s Ratio
In column, the ratio of its effective length to its least radius of gyration.
Slenderness Ratio
A quantity which measures the resistance of the mass to being revolved about a line.
Torsion
A Type of concrete floor which has no beam.
Flat Slab
The tendency for one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part.
Shear
A change in shape of material when subjected to the action of force.
Deformation
The maximum value of tension, compression, or shear respectively the material sustain without failure.
Yielding Stress
It means that by which a body develops internal resistance to ‘stress’.
Stress
The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without permanent deformation remaining upon the complete release of stress.
Allowable Stress
Intensity of force per unit area.
Stress
Loop of reinforcing bar or wire enclosing longitudinal reinforcement
Tie/Stirrup
The measure of stiffness of a material.
Stiffness Ratio
The failure in a base when a heavily loaded column strikes a hole through it.
Punching Shear
The deformation of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it.
Deflection
Nominal thickness of a timber.
6 inches
The sum of forces in the orthogonal directions and the sum of all moments about any points are zero.
Equilibrium
The complete records of tests conducted (slump, compression test, etc.) shall be preserved and made available for inspection during the progress of construction and after completion of the project for a period not less than.
2 years
Wood board should have a thickness specification of.
Not less than 1”x4”
The distance from the first to the last riser of a stair flight.
Run
A high-speed rotary shaping had power tool used to make smooth cutting and curving on solid wood.
Portable Hand router
The major horizontal supporting member of the floor system.
Girder
Wood defects are: heart shake, cup shake, star shake and _______.
Knots
Dressed lumber is referred to ______.
Smoothed or planed lumber
The other kind of handsaw other than rip-cut saw.
Cross-cut saw
It refers to the occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be present at all.
Live Load
The distance between inflection points in the column when it breaks.
Effective length
The amount of space measured in cubic units.
Volume
An expansion joint of adjacent parts of a structure to permit expected movements between them.
Contraction Joint
The total of all tread widths in a stair.
Total run
The force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces.
Bond Stress
A structural member spanning from truss to truss or supporting a rafter.
Purlin
Size of a camber for a 25 meters steel truss.
Size of Dead Load Deflection
A connector such as a welded strut, spiral bar, or short length of channel which resists horizontal shear between elements.
Shear Connector
The force per unit area of cross section which tends to produce shear.
Shear Stress/Shearing Stress
The law that relates the linear relationship between stresses and strains.
Hook’s Law
Minimum spacing of Bolts in timber connection measured from center of bolts parallel for parallel to grain loading is equal to _____.
4 X diameter of bolt
According to the provisions of the NSCP on timber connections and fastenings, the loaded edge distance for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least _____.
4 X diameter of bolt
NSCP specifies spacing between rows of bolts for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least _______ times bolt for L/d ratio of 2.
2.5
Minimum diameter of bolts to be used in timber connections and fastening accordance with NSCP specifications.
12 mm
Simple solid timber columns have slenderness ratio not exceeding ______.
50
Nails or spikes for which the wire gauges or lengths not set forth in the NSCP specifications shall have a required penetration of not less than _____.
11 diameters
Notches in sawn lumber bending members in accordance with the NSCP specifications shall not exceed.
1/6 depth of member
Notches in sawn lumber shall not be located in the ______.
Middle Third Span
Notches in the top and bottom of joists shall not exceed _____.
1/4 the depth
Allowable stresses for tension on pin connected members based on net area.
0.45 Fy
Allowable shear stress on structural steel on the cross sectional area effective in resisting shear.
0.40 Fy
For structures carrying live loads which induce impact, the assumed live load shall be increased sufficiently to provide for same, for supports or elevators the increase shall be.
100%
The slenderness ratio of compression members shall not exceed _____.
200
The slenderness ratio main members in tension shall not exceed _____.
240
Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ____ for concrete exposed to earth or weather.
40 mm
Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ____ for concrete not exposed to earth or weather.
20 mm
Curing of concrete (other than high-early strength) shall be maintained above 10C and in moist condition for at least the first _____ days after placement.
7
If concrete in structure will dry under service conditions, cores shall be air-dried for _____ days before test and shall be tested dry.
7
Curing for high-early strength concrete shall be maintained above 10C and in moist condition for at least the ______ days after replacement.
3
The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in layer shall be db (diameter of bar) but not less than ______.
25 mm
Standard hooks used in reinforced concrete beam shall mean
180 bend + 4db extension but not less than 65 mm at free end of bar.
Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 16mm bar and smaller.
90 bend + 6db extension at free end
Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 20-25mm bar.
90 bend + 12db extension at free end
Allowable tolerance on minimum concrete cover for depths greater than 200mm.
-12 mm
Allowable tolerance for longitudinal location of bends of reinforcement.
+- 50 mm
Individual bars with a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall terminate at different points with a stagger of at least _______.
40db
Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each end of member shall not be less than _________ for strands.
3db
Clear distance between pre-tensioning at each end of member shall not be less than _______ for wire.
4db
Minimum concrete cover provided for reinforcement of cast in place against permanently exposed to earth or weather using bars larger than 36 mm.
75 mm
