Refractive problems

Question 1

Features of myopia and Mx (2)

Answer 1

eyeball too long>short-sightedness

correct w. concave lens

Question 2

Causes of myopia (2)

Answer 2

genetic

lots of v. close work early in life

Question 3

prognosis of myopia (2)

Answer 3

in myopic children, can worsen due to lengthening of eye w. growth

rarely can be pathological leading to secondary degeneration of vitreous and retina later in life>retinal detachment, choroido-retinal atrophy and vitreal bleeding

Question 4

Features and Mx of hypermetropia (2)

Answer 4

eye too short>long-sightedness

correct w. convex lens

Question 5

Features of astigmatism

Answer 5

curvature of lens and cornea are different>distorted images.

Question 6

Presbyopia: features and Mx (3)

Answer 6

age-related hypermetropia
during ageing, lens and ciliary muscles become stiffer and ess able to contract to focus on nearby objects
will need reading glasses

Question 7

photorefractive keratotomy procedure (2)

Answer 7

lasers used to alter curvature of cornea

only used for mild cases of myopia

Question 8

Features of LASIK and pros/cons (4)

Answer 8

corneal flap cut open and laser beam used to treat corneal stroma below
can correct more sever acuity defects
virtually painless, safe and few SEs
improved acuity can diminish over time

Question 9

LSEK features

Answer 9

like LASIK but corneal epithelium softened w. alcohol and lifted off

Question 10

Epi-LASIK features

Answer 10

combined LASIK and LASEK

Question 11

Lens surgery features (2)

Answer 11

lens removed and replaced w. prescription lens

accomodation lost so will need reading glasses.