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Opthamology > Refractive Erros and Terms > Flashcards

Refractive Erros and Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Amblyopia def

A
  • lazy eye
  • condition in which you lose vision d/t under use.
  • dullness of obscurity of sight for no apparent reason, not correctable with glasses or surgery.
  • one eye becomes dependent on the other to focus
  • may lead to strabismus
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2
Q

Strabismus

A
  • “Cross eyed” “eye turn” when one of the two eyes does not aim at the spot one eye is looking at.
  • caused by imbalance in the muscles holding the eyeball.
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3
Q

Anisometropia def

A

-condition of the eyes in which the eyes have unequal refractive power. (one eye has much poorer vision than the other_

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4
Q

Aphakia

A

-absence of the lens of the eye

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5
Q

Asthenopia

A

eye strain

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6
Q

Binocular vision

A

simultaneous use of the two eyes, allows for wider field of vision

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7
Q

Convergence

A
  • turning both eyes inwards so that they are both “aimed” towards a near object.
  • poor convergence = dbl vision
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8
Q

Cycloplegia

A

-paralysis of the ciiary muscle of the eye, resulting in a loss of accommodation or…. a dilated pupil.

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9
Q

Diplopia

A

dbl vision

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10
Q

Exopthalmos

A

bulging of the eye, anteriorly out of the orbit

*may inhibit them from closing eyes while sleeping, dries out cornea leading to damage

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11
Q

Floaters

A

light spots or streaks and dark moving specks due to the vitreous traction (light flashes) on the retinal and solid vitreous material or blood (floaters)

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12
Q

Hemianopia

A

a blindness or reduction in vision in one half of the visual field due to damage of optic pathways in the brain.

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13
Q

Hyphema

A

collection of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, can cover the entire anterior chamber.

usually caused by injury of most common is intraocular surgery. Rare fro them to occur spontaneously but it does happen.

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14
Q

Legal Blindness

A

means central visual acuity of 20/200 of less in the better eye with the best possible correction.

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15
Q

Limbus

A

the edge of the cornea where it joins the sclera

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16
Q

Chemosis

A

the swelling of the conjunctiva

  • may be from allergies or excessive eye scratching
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17
Q

Papilledema

A

swelling of the optic disc caused by increased intracranial pressure.

  • usually bilateral, may occur over hours to days from brain tumor hemorrhage glaucoma, etc.
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18
Q

Pterygium

A

painless non-cancerous growth of the conjuctiva that lays over the sclera and extends onto the cornea.

19
Q

Pinguecula

A

non-cancerous yellowish-brown subconjunctival elevation composed of degenerated elastic tissue: may occur on either side of cornea.

20
Q

Hypopyeon

A

leukocytes (pus) in the anterior chamber seen in TB herpes zoster herpes simplex virus.

21
Q

Ptosis

A

“drooping eyelid” caused by weakness of the levator palpebrae. Damage to the nerves that control such muscles, CN III and VII

22
Q

Miosis

A

constriction of the pupil

23
Q

Mydriasis

A

dilation of the pupil

24
Q

Nystagmus

A

vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive uncontrolled movements often resulting in reduced vision.

25
Q

Synechia

A

eye condition where the iris adheres to either the cornea (anterior synechia) or lens (posterior synechia)

26
Q

Scotoma

A

area of island of loss or impairment of vision surrounded by a field of normal vision

happens w/ MS nutritional sufficiency, rarely are these bilateral.

27
Q

Scintillating scotoma

A

usually begins as a spot of flickering light near or in the center of the visual fields, preventing vision within the scotoma. The scotoma then expands into one or more shimmering arcs of white or colored flashing lights.

28
Q

Diopter Definition

A

unite of measurement of the optical power of a lens, which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in meters.

*talks about the thickness of your lens (glasses)

29
Q

Drusen definition

A

Tiny yellow or white accumulation of extracellular material build up between Bruch’s membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye.

30
Q

What is the fovea?

A

small depression in the retina of the eye where visual acuity is the highest.

31
Q

what is Keratoconus?

A

a degenerative disorder of the eye in which structural changes in the cornea cause it to thin and change to a conical shape rather than the normal gradual curve.

32
Q

Peripheral vision

A

side vision, vision seen on the side when looking straight ahead

33
Q

Reitinitis pigmentosa, what is this?

A

an inherited degenerative eye disease that causes severe vision impairment d/t progressive degeneration of rod photoreceptor cells in the retina. (Tunnel vision or night blindness)

34
Q

What does OD, OS, and OU stand for?

A

OD- oculus dexter, right eye

OS- oculus sinister, left eye

OU- oculus uterque, both eyes

35
Q

Signs and symptoms of hyperopia

A

aching eyes

blurred vision of close object

strabismus

eye strain

HA while reading

*some children may outgrow hyperopia as the eyeball lengthens w/ normal growth.

36
Q

Diagnosis of Hyperopia

A

visual acuity- snellen chart

objection refraction-autorefraction machine or retinoscopy; uses rays to measure what distance an object is focused on the retina

37
Q

Hyperopia

  • complications
  • tx
A
  • farsightedness can be a risk factor for glaucoma and cross eye (strabismus)
  • can be corrected with glasses/contacts or with refractive surgery
38
Q

Myopia signs and symptoms

A
  • often have HA or eye strain and might squint or feel fatigued when trying to see distant object
  • eye strain
  • difficulty reading road signs
39
Q

Myopia Tx

A

-may be corrected with glasses/contacts or eye surgery

Surgeries include:

  • Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
  • LASIK
  • Orthokeratology (re-shapes cornea while sleeping)
40
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Astigmatism

A
  • blurred/distorted vision at all distance
  • photophobia
  • HA
  • excessive squinting
41
Q

Astigmatism;

  • Dx
  • Tx
A

Dx-

  • keratometer or corneal topography machine
  • astigmatic dial
  • visual acuity test

Tx-

  • eyeglasses/contacts, unless its extreme
  • Surgery= Photorefractive kerectomy (PRK) or LASIK or LASEK
42
Q

At what age does presbyopia usually begin?

A

-40yo

43
Q

Signs and Symptoms: Presbyopia

A
  • decreased focusing ability for near objects
  • need to hold things at arms length
  • when performing NEAR work they may develop HA, eye strain, or fatigue
44
Q

Tx of presbyopia

A
  • bifocal or progressive addition lenses (PALS)
  • reading glasses are another choice (for those who wear contact lenses you can get prescription reading glasses to wear while the contacts are in)
  • surgery:
  • keratoplasty
  • LASIK
  • Cataract Surgery

Opthamology (8 decks)

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