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ABO > Refractive errors & ophthalmic disorders > Flashcards

Refractive errors & ophthalmic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Amblyopia

A

a disorder that results in impaired or loss of vision due to a disturbance in the normal visual pathway development. (Typically referred to as “lazy eye”)

Greek: amblus- dull/dim

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1
Q

Ametropia

A

a blanket term for a refractive error

Greek: Ametros- without measure

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2
Q

Aniridi

A

absence of all or part of the iris

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3
Q

Anisometropia

A

difference of more than 1.00 diopter or more between the eyes

Greek: Not equal measure

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4
Q

Antimetropia

A

One eye is myopic and the other is hyperopic

Greek: opposite measure

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5
Q

Aphakia

A

a missing or unusable crystalline lens

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6
Q

Anisocoria

A

unequal pupil size

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7
Q

Asthenopia

A

discomfort, strain, or fatigue of the eye

Greek: asthenes- weak

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8
Q

Binocular Deficiencies or Binocular Vision Dysfunction

A

Two eyes not working in tandem

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9
Q

Blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelids

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10
Q

Convergence

A

eyes focusing inward for nearby objects

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11
Q

Cataract

A

opacity of the crystalline lens

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12
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A

complication of diabetes where blood vessels in the eye are damaged

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13
Q

Diplopia

A

double vision

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14
Q

Floaters

A

small particles of collagen fibers that move in the vitreous humor

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15
Q

Fusion

A

ability of the brain to convert images coming from each eye to one precise image

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16
Q

Glaucoma

A

a group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and blindness by damaging the optic nerve. Most commonly due to intraocular pressure

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17
Q

Heterochromia

A

Two differently colored irises

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18
Q

Iridocyclitis

A

disorder in which the iris and ciliary body are inflamed

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19
Q

Irregular astimastism

A

Where the two axes of the eye are not 90 degrees apart, can be corrected with RGP contacts or surgery

20
Q

Iseikonia

A

Same size of images

21
Q

Aniseikonia

A

a significant difference in the perceived size of images

22
Q

Karatitis

A

Inflammation of the cornea

23
Q

Low Vision (visually impaired)

A

Vision can be improved but not corrected with standard spectacles, contacts, or medical treatment/surgery

24
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

Deterioration of the macula that causes central vision loss

25
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary oscillation of the eyes

26
Q

Ocular Albinism

A

No pigment in the iris or retina

27
Q

Pseudophakia

A

Where the crystalline lens has been replaced by an intraocular lens

28
Q

Retinitis Pigmentosa

A

A group of hereditary diseases that affect the retina; progressive and may cause total blindness

29
Q

Rubeosis

A

A growth of abnormal blood vessels in the iris

30
Q

Scotoma

A

An area of lost vision in the visual field, not to be confused with the natural blind spot

31
Q

Strabismus

A

“crossed eyes” misalignment of the eyes. example: exo, eso, hyper, hypo

32
Q

Stye (Hordoleum)

A

Inflammation of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid margin

Latin: hordeum- “barley”

33
Q

Trichiasis

A

Inversion of the eyelashes

34
Q

Uveitis

A

Any inflammation in the uvea, including the iris, ciliary body, or choroid

35
Q

Xanthoma

A

A small, yellowish, benign tumor on the eyelid possibly caused by high cholesterol levels

36
Q

Refraction

A

Bending of light rays as they pass through one medium to another

37
Q

Emmetropia

A

An eye with no refractive errors, light comes to focus directly on the retina

Greek: Emmetos- well proportioned measure

38
Q

Myopia

A

Light comes to focus in front of the retina. Nearsightedness; the globe is too long or the cornea is too strong. A minus lens.

39
Q

Hyperopia

A

Light comes to focus behind the retina. Farsightedness; the globe is too short of the cornea is too weak. A plus lens.

40
Q

Simple Myopic Astigmatism

A

One light of focus on the retina and one in front of the retina.

41
Q

Simple Hyperopic Astigmatism

A

One light of focus on the retina and one behind the retina

42
Q

Compound Myopic Astigmatism

A

Both points of focus are in front of the retina

43
Q

Compound Hyperopic Astigmatism

A

Both points of focus are behind the retina

44
Q

Mixed Astigmatism

A

One point of focus comes in front of the retina and the other behind the retina

45
Q

Pterygium

A

a noncancerous, fleshy, triangular or wedge-shaped growth of the conjunctiva that extends onto the cornea. “surfer’s eye”

46
Q

Chalazion

A

Or meibomian cyst. a small, firm, painless nodule that forms in the eyelid when a meibomian gland becomes blocked

47
Q

Pinguecula

A

a noncancerous, raised, yellow-white or gray-white growth that occurs in the conjunctiva

ABO (2 decks)

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