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abo > Ocular Anatomy > Flashcards

Ocular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

3 structural layers of the eye

A

fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, nervous tunic

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2
Q

fibrous tunic consists of the

A

sclera and cornea (protective layer)

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3
Q

nervous/neural tunic consists of the

A

retina

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4
Q

vascular tunic consists of the

A

the choroid, ciliary body, and iris (nourishing layer)

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5
Q

Adnexa

A

Accessories to protect and support the eye; such as eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes, lacrimal gland, extraocular muscles, and orbital socket

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6
Q

Canthi

A

The angles where the eyelids meet

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7
Q

Caruncle

A

pinkish, triangular-shaped structure located in the medial canthus. plays a role in moisture and lubrication

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8
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Thin mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and outer surface of the sclera

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9
Q

Extraocular muscles

A

The six muscles that control eye movement and play an essential role in binocular vision

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10
Q

List the six extraocular muscles

A

-Superior rectus (upward movement)
-Superior oblique (downward and outward)
-Lateral rectus (outward)
-Medial rectus (inward)
-Inferior oblique (upward and outward)
-Inferior rectus (downward)

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11
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

The tear gland that produces tears to cleanse, lubricate and protect the eye’s surface

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12
Q

Levator muscle

A

Elevates the upper eyelid

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13
Q

Mullers muscle

A

sits below the levator muscle and assists in elevating the upper eyelid

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14
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

the broad muscle surrounding the eye, main muscle responsible for eyelid movement. important for facial expression

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15
Q

Palpebral fissure

A

The space between the upper and lower eyelids when the eyes are open

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16
Q

Tarsal plates

A

a dense connective tissue that maintains the structure of the eyelid

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17
Q

5 layers of the cornea

A

-Epithelium
-Bowman’s Membrane
-Stroma
-Descemet’s Membrane
-Endothelium

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18
Q

Epithelium

A

outermost layer of the cornea, highly regenerative

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19
Q

Bowman’s Membrane

A

acellular layer, mostly made up of collagen fibers, an important protein that structurally reinforces the cornea

20
Q

Canal of Schlemm

A

collects aqueous humor from the anterior chamber and drains it into the bloodstream

21
Q

Choroid

A

A layer between the retina and sclera, consisting primarily of blood vessels which provide nourishment to the retina

22
Q

Cones

A

A photosensitive receptor in the retina responsible for day vision, perceiving detail and color

23
Q

Cornea

A

the clear, dome-shaped, outermost layer of the eye that covers the iris and pupil. Approximately 43 diopters with and index of refraction of 1.37

24
Q

Descemet’s Membrane

A

The basement membrane of the cornea, composed of collagen

25
Q

Anterior chamber

A

aqueous humor filled space between the cornea and the iris

26
Q

Aqueous humor

A

A watery substance found in the anterior and posterior chambers. aids in moisture, providing nutrients to the cornea, and maintaining intraocular pressure. Index of refraction- 1.34

27
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Transparent gel that lies behind the lens and in front of the retina making up the vitreous chamber. Maintains the shape of the eye and holds the retina flat against the choroid. Index of refraction- 1.33

28
Q

Endothelium

A

innermost layer of the cornea that help remove extra fluid from the cornea

29
Q

Fovea centralis

A

A depression in the retina (center of the macula) that contains only cones

30
Q

Iris

A

the colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil and is located between the cornea and lens, regulates the amount of entering light by changing the size of the pupil

31
Q

Macula

A

a small, round, yellow area in the center of the retina at the back of the eye. Has rods and cones. (contains the centralis fovea)

32
Q

Optic chiasm (ky-A-zum)

A

X-shaped structure in the brain where the optic nerves from each eye cross

33
Q

Stroma

A

The middle layer of the cornea, makes up 90% of the cornea thickness

34
Q

Suspensory ligaments

A

a series of fibers that connect the ciliary body of the eye with the lens, holding it in place. also known as Zonule of Zinn.

35
Q

Visual cortex

A

Region of the brain that receives, integrates, and processes visual information relayed from the retina

36
Q

Vitreous chamber

A

The space from the lens to the retina that contains the vitreous humor

37
Q

Optic nerve

A

The bundle of more than a million nerve fibers that carry visual signals from the retina to the brain

38
Q

Posterior chamber

A

the space between the the iris and the lens.

39
Q

Pupil

A

The black, circular hole that allows light to enter the eye so it can be focused on the retina

40
Q

Retina

A

The light sensitive inner layer of tissue that lines the back of the eyeball, containing rods and cones, sending visual impulses through the optic nerve to the brain

41
Q

Rods

A

A photosensitive receptor in the retina responsible for night vision, peripheral vision, and perceiving black and white. Typically found in the outer edges of the retina.

42
Q

Sclera

A

The tough, white, outer layer of the eyeball.

43
Q

Crystalline lens

A

The transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that focuses light by changing its front curvature.
directly behind the pupil. a refractive power of around 15-20 diopters. Index of refraction - 1.42

44
Q

Ciliary muscles

A

smooth muscle fibers in the ciliary body, a ring of tissue around the eye’s lens, that help control the lens’s shape

45
Q

When ciliary muscles contract…

A

Zonules of Zinn relax. Lens becomes thicker, biconvex = clearer near vision

46
Q

When ciliary muscles relax..

A

Zonules of Zinn tighten. Lens becomes thinner, convex = clearer distance vision

47
Q

Limbus

A

the border between the cornea and the sclera

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