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Ophthalmology > Refractive error > Flashcards

Refractive error Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by a refractive error?

A

Refers to any abnormality in the focusing mechanism of the eye

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2
Q

What is meant by emmetropia?

A

No refractive error, light focussed onto retina

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3
Q

What is meant by ametropia?

A

Retractive error present, light focussed in front of retina or behind retina

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4
Q

What is meant by anisometropia?

A

Significant difference between right and left ametropia

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5
Q

What is myopia?

A

Light rays focus in front of the retina
Short sighted

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6
Q

What is meant by astigmatism?

A

Light rays focus on more than one point (Unequal refraction of light in different meridians)

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7
Q

What is hypermetropia (Hyperopia)?

A

Light rays focus behind the retina
Long sighted

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8
Q

What causes myopia?

A

Abnormally increased axial length of eye or, less commonly, increased refraction means light focuses in front of the retina

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9
Q

How will myopia present?

A

Clear near vision, blurred far vision

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10
Q

How is myopia managed?

A

Glasses with concave (negative) lenses

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11
Q

What are some complications of myopia?

A

Complications related to larger eyeball size

Retinal detachment

Primary open-angle glaucoma

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12
Q

What causes hypermetropia?

A

Abnormally decreased axial length of eye means light focuses in behind the retina

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13
Q

How will hypermetropia present?

A

Blurred near vision, clear far vision

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14
Q

How is hypermetropia managed?

A

Glasses with convex (positive) lenses

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15
Q

What are some complications of hypermetropia?

A

Complications related to smaller eyeball size

Closed-angle glaucoma

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16
Q

How will astigmatism present?

A

Causes distorted vision at all distances

17
Q

How is astigmatism managed?

A

Correction with cylindrical lenses

18
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

Age-related degeneration of structures responsible for accomodation of the lens

19
Q

What are some clinical features of presbyopia?

A

Similar to hyperopia

Preexisting myopia may temporarily compensate presbyopia, leading to better near vision

20
Q

How is presbyopia managed?

A

This requires a supplementary convex or positive lens (i.e. reading glasses) in order to focus light from a near object onto the retina

21
Q

What are some management options for low vision?

A

Mage magnification

Telesope

Antiglare - overshields

22
Q
A

Ophthalmology (9 decks)

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