Reforms in russia from 1905 - 14 Flashcards
First Duma
1906
power was severely limited as the tsar had created a state council and had a council of ministers that was half elected by the zemstva and half appointed by the Tsar
Very conservative and opposed to making change
How long did the first and second Duma’s both last
less than a year because the Tsar dismissed them, the deputies of the Duma were mostly radical or reformist parties such as the cadets and the Trudoviks
Were disappointed with not having any real power
When were the electoral laws for the Duma changed
In 1907 before the 3rd Duma this meant that the Duma had far fewer elected deputies who would criticise or oppose the Tsar’s policies, most deputies were members of rightist parties like the octobrists
What was the first full duma
the third duma completed its first full 5 year term.
Even this “loyal” Duma began to criticise the Tsar by 1912
The Tsar continued to rule as if the Duma did not exist.
How long was Peter Stolypin chief minister for
from 1906- 11 and famously said “first pacification, then reform”
Stolypin’s oppressive measures
20,000 protestors exiled to places like Siberia
and over 1,000 protesters and revolutionaries were hanged “Stolypin’s necktie”
Stolypin’s reformist measures
Wealthier peasants were able to opt out of the village commune and buy land
A peasants’ land bank was created to loan peasants money to help them buy land, and invest in it
Stolypin also tried to boost Russian industry by continuing to invest in the building of railways
Stolypin’s reforms: failures
90% of land in the west of Russia remained under the control of the mir in 1916
wages remained low and the cost of food and housing remained high
Even in the Russian empires nest farmland in Ukraine the farms remained small
Stolypin’s Successes
1890-1913 grain production doubled as well as pig iron production increased and coal production more than tripled
after Stolypin’s death
Tsar Nicholas 11 prevented Stolypin form introducing basic education and regulations for factory workers
Nicholas wanted to replace Stolypin after he was assassinated in 1911
Oppression continued when soldiers opened fire on striking workers at the Lona goldfield in 1912 and 250 were killed and the people were remined of bloody Sunday
1913 saw an excellent harvest and celebrations of 300th anniversary of the Romanov rule but economic downturn in 1912 meant many Russians were frustrated by unemployment and hunger
