Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century (Ch. 3, 9/22) Flashcards
Christian Humanism
major goal was to reform Christianity, focused mostly on early sources of religion, simplified distortion created by middle ages
Erasmus
supported accessibility of Bible and religious texts, belief in power of education, de-emphasized external forms of religion, edited greek text of new testament, satirical work, “erasumus laid the egg that luther hatched”
Thomas More
trained in law and lord chancellor of england, friend of erasmus, Utopia, intolerance of heresy
Martin Luther
law and then thunderstorm thing, good monk but still doubtful, professor of theology as attempted solution, distressed by indulgences and believed that redemption can be found through faith and personal relationship with Christ and God, excommunicated in 1521
Indulgences
Purchases made to Catholic Church in order to reduce time in purgatory
Johann Tetzel
Leipizig Debate, july 1519, forced Martin Luther to deny authority of popes and councils, luther faced consequences of his theology and compared to heretic
95 Theses
Leo X
Diet & Edict of Worms
Made Martin Luther a outlaw within empire, refused to recant, supposed to be captured and brought to emperor but was sent into hiding at Wartburg Castle by Frederick the Wise
domestic and foreign challenges & policies under Charles V
wanted to maintain dynasties control and catholic faith over empire but it was too big, the french, the papacy, the turks, and germanys internal situation were biggest challenges
Peasant Revolts
started from local lords abusing peasants, demands for taxes, just overall social discontent, peasants looked up to Luther, German princes ruthlessly suppressed peasants, making Luther more dependent on state authorities
Habsburg-Valois Wars
stemmed from Francis I vs. Charles V, conflicts over territory, fought on and off for twenty four years
Schmalkaldic Wars
Peace of Augsburg,
“Cuius regio, cuius religio”
Anabaptists
Henry VIII
Seperated church and state after Pope Gregory refused to allow him to divorce
Anne Boleyn
Thomas Cranmer
Act of Supremacy
Treason Act
Anglican Church
Edward VI
Son of Henry VIII, led Edwardian Revolution
Book of Common Prayer
Bloody Mary
John Calvin
Predestination
The theory that its already predetermined by God whether or not you go to heaven or hell
Geneva Theocracy
Social effects of Protestant Reformation
Educational interest due to
Catholic Counter-Reformation
Teresa of Avila,
“ecstatic union of souls”
Ignatius of Loyola
Jesuits
Highest
Council of Trent
reforms
French Wars of Religion
Huguenots
Catherine de’ Medici
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
War of the Three Henrys
Politiques
Henry of Navarre/Henry IV
Edict of Nantes
Philip II, “Most Catholic King”
Dutch Revolt
Council of Troubles/Blood,
Sea Beggars
Elizabeth I
Elizabethan Settlement
Act of Supremacy
Created by Henry VIII, declaring separation of church and state
Act of Uniformity
Book of Common Prayer
Puritans
The Golden Speech
Elizabeth’s Foreign policy
Dutch aid
Spanish Armada
How did martin luthers criticisms directly threaten church’s power?
proved indulgences useless, which were a main source of profit for catholic church
Martin luthers criticisms of church vs. prior criticisms
Leipizig Debate
july 1519, Johann Eck forced Martin Luther to deny authority of popes and councils, compelled to face consequences of his theology and compared to heretic
