Europe and the New World (Ch. 4, 9/19)

Question 1

What were the motives behind European exploration?

Answer 1

God, gold, glory

Question 2

What advances in navigation, cartography, and military technology allowed Europeans to prevail in new lands

Answer 2

portolanis, construction of ships mobile enough to sail against wind using axial rudder and lateen sails, and knowledge of wind patterns

Question 3

How did the shift in trade routes from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic change the balance of economic power?

Answer 3

Portuguese created monopoly over spices and seized control of spice trade from Muslims,

Question 4

What were the impact of the Columbian Exchange and plantation farming on both indigenous people and Europeans?

Question 5

How were arts affected by the discovery of new people and lands, and by the wealth generated by commerce and trade?

Question 6

How did innovations in banking promote the growth of urban financial centers and new economic elites?

Question 7

In what ways and to what extent did the lives of Europeans change due to exploration and colonization?

Question 8

How did Portuguese and Spain acquire their oversea empires?

Answer 8

Portuguese- through slavery, ivory, and gold in Africa and spices in India, guns and seamanship, effective use of naval technology
Spain-

Question 9

Difference between Portugal and Spains oversea empires

Question 10

Motivations behind Columbus’s voyage? Economic motives?

Question 11

How did European expansion affect both the conquered and conqueror?

Question 12

Mercantilism definition, and its relationship to colonial empires?

Question 13

Experiences of Spanish and Portuguese during age of exploration vs. French, Dutch, and English counterparts?

Question 14

Role of religion in age of exploration

Question 15

How did Japan succeed in repelling Europeans from territory in seventeenth century

Question 16

Prince Henry the Navigator

Answer 16

portuguese prince, founded school for navigators,

Question 17

Vasco da Gama

Answer 17

Portuguese, found spices in southwestern india

Question 18

portalani

Answer 18

charts made by medieval navigators and mathematicians

Question 19

Alfonso de Albuquerque

Answer 19

portuguese, set up port facilities at Goa (western coast of India)

Question 20

Francis Xavier

Question 21

Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 22

Cortes

Question 23

Pizarro

Question 24

Encomienda

Answer 24

an economic and social system that permitted the conquering Spaniards to collect tribute from the Indians and use them as laborers

Question 25

Sugar factories

Question 26

Smallpox