Reformation and Counter Reformation Flashcards
Who founded the Jesuits and what was their purpose?
Ignatius of Loyola (a former soldier) founded the Jesuits in 1540 as ‘spiritual soldiers’ to build schools, promote classical and theological studies, and stop the spread of Protestantism.
What were the four major steps Pope Paul II took to reform the Catholic Church?
- Investigated selling of indulgences and other abuses. 2. Approved the Jesuits. 3. Used the Inquisition to punish heresy. 4. Convened the Council of Trent (1545-1563).
What was the purpose of the Council of Trent?
To clarify Catholic doctrines and address corruption. Declared that Church interpretation of the Bible was final, faith and good works were required for salvation, and both the Bible and Church were equally authoritative.
What was the Catholic stance on indulgences after the Council of Trent?
Indulgences were considered valid but selling them was seen as an abuse.
What was the Index of Prohibited Books?
A list of books banned by the Catholic Church in 1557 (by Pope Paul IV) because they contained material considered dangerous to faith or morals.
How did the Reformation change religious unity in Europe?
Europe was no longer religiously united; it was now split between different Christian denominations.
What happened to the Pope’s power as a result of the Reformation?
Monarchs and states gained more power, and the Pope’s influence diminished.
How did the Reformation impact questioning of religious authority?
It became more acceptable to challenge or even reject Church teachings.
What were some negative societal consequences of the Reformation?
Religious civil wars, antisemitism, and witch hunts became more common.
Martin Luther posted these
95 Theses
What were the three things Martin Luther wanted to reform
Indulgences, power of the Pope, Wealth of the Church
How did the RCC respond to Luther?
Pope Leo X excommunicated him
Holy Roman Emperor suppressed Luther’s writings
The Holy RomaWhat was the Peace of Augsburg and when was it passed?
1555, Wars between Lutherans and Catholics Germany ended because this treaty let each prince decide whether his principality would be RCC or protestant
Calvinism was in ______ and ________
France and Switzerland
John Calvin created a theocracy in
Geneva Switzerland
