Reformation Flashcards
What did pope Leo x do?
(Medici family) granted St Peters indulgences to finance building plans in Rome.
Spending by popes and clergy cause revolt among priests and Parishoners
What are the problems within the church During the reformation ?
Anticlericalism complained about immortality, ignorance, plurality
What did Martin Luther do and think of the church?
Writes 95 theses to argue against indulgences and other problems within the church.
What did Martin Luther think of the indulgences?
Undermined the seriousness of the sacrament of penance,
Compete with the preaching of the gospel,
Downplay the importance of charity
What was the diet of worms?
Luther refuses to recant.
German people begin to support his ideas and German princes help protect him and his movement
What Is the diet of speyer ?
Meeting of German nobility “protested” Catholic Church decisions and all denominations outside the church are called protestants
Who was Ulrich zwingli?
Humanist/priest. Refuses the churches teachings and will read from erasmus' testament. Attacks indulgences. Attacks the mass. Attacks monatism. Attacks clerical celibacy.
What do protestants believe salvation comes from?
Only from God and faith alone and not by good works or sacraments
Who was John calvin? What book did he publish and what did it involve?
Frenchman.
Experiences a religious crisis and becomes protestant.
Helps reform Geneva as a protestant city based on his theology.
“the institutes of the Christian religion” a guide for Genevas reforms.
Good=omnipotent
Humans=incredibly weak
Predestination
What is predestination?
John calvin..
God decided the beginning of time who will get to heaven or not
What did Henry vIII do?
Broke the Catholic Church.
A series of Measures designed to allow him to remarry and have a son.
English monasteries closed and property seized by him.
What did Elizabeth I do?
Reigns over English to rise in power as a protestant queen. Attempts to bring catholicism back to England but leads to conflicts.
Mary queen of scotts is beheaded (her cousin)
What happens to the Spanish armada in 1588?
Spanish armada is defeated and England will remain protestant
What are Huguenots?
French calvinists/protestants
What is St Bartholomews day?
Massacre of calvinists in Paris starts a 15 year civil war in France
What was the edict of nantes?
Henry Iv granted the right of Huguenots to worship in 150 fortified towns within France.
What is the Holy roman empire?
Loosely held together group of provinces which local princes have more control than emperor
What happened when zwingli was killed in battle?
Allowed each Canton to pick their religion
What was the Imperial diet of 1530?
Protestant princes deliver Augsburg confession (statement of protestant belief) but the emperor refuses it and orders them to return to the Catholic Church and return all property but the princes form a military alliance. Charles v cannot respond due to other conflicts
What was habsbutg and what happened?
Horrible war. Fought along the eastern edge between Charles v and the French
What are ottoman turks?
Muslims
What is the peace of Augsburg?
Charles recognizes Lutheranism and each prince could decide the religion of their region. Ended war between German protestants and Charles
In 1556, what did Charles v do?
Abdicates hid theme and lives in a monastery
Where did the witch hunt begin?
Beginning in Germany and Switzerland a new form of religious based discrimination began after the reformation.
How many people are executed during the witch hunt?
40,000-60,000 for witch craft during 16th-17th century.
What happened at the council of trent (1545-1563)?
Catholic Church begins to reform. Pluralism has ended. Forbids the sales of indulgences. Clerks must give up concubine. Every diocese must provide an education of clergy
