Reform And Legislation Under Gladstone's First Ministry 1868-1874

Question 1

Name three causes of change (introduction of reform) by 1851

Answer 1

Working conditions
Child labour
Cholera epidemic
Christianity/ Philanthropy

Question 2

Gladstone was less concerned about social reform and more concerned about what? (1)

Answer 2

Ireland

Question 3

Gladstone did not believe that all men were…

Answer 3

Equal

Question 4

In Education, 3 Royal commissions were set up to look at schools where?

Answer 4

England and Wales

Question 5

Which 2 acts allowed girls to attend school from 1868/69?

Answer 5

The Public Schools Act

The Endowed Act

Question 6

W.E Forster pioneered the Education Act of which year?

Why was it difficult to implement?

Answer 6

1870

It interfered with church schools

Question 7

What were the aims of Forster’s Education Act? (2)

Answer 7

Elementary education
Closing the gap
Education payable by local rates
Elected school boards

Question 8

Who opposed Forster’s Education Act?

Answer 8

Non conformists

Question 9

What was the Cowper-Temple Clause in the act?

Answer 9

Schools didn’t have to teach a particular religion in RE

Question 10

What act developed women’s rights in 1870?

Name two changes which this act brought for women

Answer 10

Married Women’s Property Act

Income earned by wife was hers, property of a wife was hers, inheritance of property or money of up to £200 was hers. It made women liable for maintenance from profits of any inheritance

Question 11

How did people get a job in Civil service prior to 1870?

Answer 11

Family connections

Question 12

The Northcote -Trevelyan Report in 1855 suggested what changes?

Answer 12

Jobs on Merit/Tests

Question 13

From 1873, which two government departments began to test their applicant for jobs leading to employment by merit not family connections?

Answer 13

Home Office and Foreign Office

Question 14

Which Act removes the test that restricted University teaching jobs to Anglican only??

Answer 14

Universities Tests Act 1871

Question 15

When was the Local Government Act introduced?

Answer 15

1871

Question 16

What did the Local Government Act do?

Answer 16

Set up local Government board headed by Cabinet Minister to bring together previously split departments of health, sanitation, roads etc. Made for better legislation, more efficient

Question 17

What was the name and year of the Act intended to reorganize the Courts system in England and Wales?

What did it intent to abolish?

Answer 17

The Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873

The role of the House of Lords as the highest court

Question 18

Why was the HoL not abolished?

Answer 18

Disraeli reflected in 1874, he passed an act to ensure the HoL kept judicial powers and to ensure their quality

Question 19

The Public Heath Act 1872 resulted in how many local health boards?

Answer 19

721

Question 20

Name 3 limitations of the act

Answer 20

There was no proper coverage, small areas concerned and some had no coverage at all.
The act was purely administrative and did little to change things.
It gave no powers to local governments

Question 21

What year was the Licensing Act passed?

Name one if the group’s who opposed it

Answer 21

1872

Brewers and distillers

Question 22

Name two of the measures of the Licensing Act

Answer 22

Licenses had to be given by a Magistrate who could recuse if too many pubs in one area.
Pubs had to close at midnight in towns and 11PM in rural areas
Practices such as adding salt to beer to make drinkers thirsty were banned

Question 23

Name 2 political consequences of the Act

Answer 23

Brewers switched allegiances to the conservatives

Gladstone lost the 1874 election

Question 24

What was instigated army reforms?

Answer 24

Crimea

Question 25

The selection and promotion to officer was now to be based upon what?

Answer 25

Merit

Question 26

Overseas service was reduced from 12 to… years

Answer 26

6

Question 27

Attempts were made to make the armed forces popular, not the last resort for…

Answer 27

Criminals

Question 28

The Trade Union Act was passed in…?

Answer 28

1871

Question 29

The Criminal Amendment was passed on the… ….

Answer 29

Same day

Question 30

The Trade Union Act recognised what in law?

Answer 30

Right to protect property and funds

Right to strike

Question 31

The Criminal Amendment Act curbed strikes by making what illegal?

Answer 31

Picketing

Question 32

What did the Conspiracy and Protection Of Property Act actually do?

Answer 32

It effectively legalised peaceful picketing

Question 33

The Public Heath Act 1875 made both parties equal in the eyes of the law. What had happened before?

Answer 33

Employers were given fines in Civil courts and workmen jail sentences in Criminal courts

Question 34

What Act allowed the compulsory purchase of slums?

Answer 34

The Artisans Dwellings Act 1875

Question 35

The Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875 stopped the contamination of Food by other substances? Give three examples of what used to happen

Answer 35

Chalk/sawdust in the flour
Fresh blood painted on bad meat
Salt in beer

Question 36

How is the number 10 relevant the Factory Act 1875. Give 2 examples

Answer 36

10hr Dat

No children under 10 to be employed

Question 37

The Factory and Workshop Act 1878 put workshops with less than 50 workers under Government Inspection. How was this different than under local authority inspection?

Answer 37

It was more rigorious

Question 38

Sandon’s Elementary Education Act 1876 did What? 3

Answer 38

It put the onus on parents to send their kids to school
It created attendance committees
it allowed Poor Law Guardians to help the poor with fees