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HISTORY > Britain 1886-1914 > Flashcards

Britain 1886-1914 Flashcards

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1
Q

Victorian Historians referred to the period as What?

A

Great Depression

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2
Q

More modern historians refer to the period as What?

A

Retardation of growth

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3
Q

In 1872 unemployment stood at what figure?

A

1%

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4
Q

By 1879 unemployment had risen to what figure?

A

11.4%

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5
Q

Name two other nations who were taking over Britain’s position as a superior economic world power

A

Germany and USA

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6
Q

As well as foreign competition, what else were politicians concerned would affect Britain’s economic growth?

A

The condition of the working classes

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7
Q

Name three industries in which output remained relatively strong

A

shipbuilding
coal production
steel and iron

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8
Q

What new industries did Britain not develop In?

A

Electrical engineering and chemical

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9
Q

Name two factors that put pressure on agriculture from 1870

A

Cheap imported cereal, refrigeration cargo, imported cheap meat

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10
Q

What were invisible earnings and give one example

A

Paper based charges such as unloading ships, insurance, banking charges

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11
Q

Give 4 examples of service industries that expanded and provided jobs

A

Hotels, restaurants, domestic service, transport, communication, finance, public admin , education, health, entertainment, recreation

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12
Q

The Chancellor who argued for protectionism was?

A

Joe Chamberlain

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12
Q

The Chancellor who argued for protectionism was?

A

Joe Chamberlain

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13
Q

The party who split over the issue of fair trade v protectionism was?

A

The Conservatives

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14
Q

The party who united under the banner of Free Trade was?

A

The Liberals

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15
Q

The Liberal who argued and made speeches for Free Trade was?

A

Winston Churchill

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16
Q

In May 1903 Chamberlain made a speech to the Conservative Party to argue for protection tariffs-where did he make this speech?

A

Birmingham

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17
Q

Give 3 arguments from Chamberlain why tariffs should be imposed on imports

A

Strengthen the empire, protect food prices from cheap imports, protect jobs from cheap steel, raise money for social reform programme

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18
Q

Give 3 arguments from Churchill against tariffs

A

The empire countries would be alienated as they would not be able to trade with us due to higher cloth prices, shipping had grown die to the attraction of our free ports, food prices would rise, cheap steel provided the cheap daw materials for engineering

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19
Q

In 1903 Chamberlain headed a group that tried to convince the nation to vote for tariffs, what was this group called?

A

The Tariff Reform League

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20
Q

What group did the conservatives against tariffs form in the same year?

A

Unionist Free Food League

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21
Q

In 1906 what was the impact of the fight for tariffs reform?

A

The cons lost the election-the Liberals won by a landslide

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22
Q

In 1886 membership to trade unions grew from ….. to ……… By 1914

A

75000

4.5 million

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23
Q

A female strike happened in 1888 at the Bryant and May factory which was called What???

A

The Match Girls Strike

24
Q

In 1896 The Lyons v Wilkins case stay what precedent?

A

Outlawed picketing

25
Q

In 1901 which decision enabled companies to sue unions for losses during a strike?

A

Taff Vale

26
Q

These decisions led directly to the formation of which political organisation ??

A

The LRC

27
Q

Give 3 reasons why the period 1910 - 1914 saw a rise in union activity and militancy

A

From 1900 the value of wages fell, from 1910 there was a fall in unemployment which meant more workers were more confident to demand better conditions of their employer, price of living rose sharply between 1911-12 and the gap widened between rich and poor

28
Q

What was formed between the miners, transport and railwaymens unions in 1914?

A

A Triple Alliance

29
Q

What % of Union membership was female by 1913?

A

10%

30
Q

What did Syndicalists argue for?

A

A class war and the violent overthrow of the capitalist system

31
Q

Labour MP George Barnes called Syndicalists ideas What??

A

Fools Talk
And
Sheer Madness

32
Q

Labour leader Ramsay MacDonald called syndicalism “the impatient, frenzied, thoughtless child of ……..:

A

Poverty

33
Q

Who published the results of an investigation into the social condition of the working class in 1887???

A

Charles Booth

34
Q

Where did this investigation centre upon??

A

Tower Hamlets, London

35
Q

Who published the results of their social survey in 1901?

A

Seebohm Rowntree

36
Q

Where did this investigation centre upon?

A

York

37
Q

Name 2 reasons why these two men conducted these investigations

A

Genuine concern for the state of the poor, concern for the economic decline, Rowntree had seen that more humanitarian methods and healthier working class led to higher productivity, poverty highlighted by the Boer War, concern over the rise of social unrest and industrial demonstrations developing at the turn of the century

38
Q

What fraction of people did Booth claim lived below the poverty line?

A

1/3

39
Q

What was the primary aim of these investigations to prove?

A

That the condition of the wc could not be solely explained by accusations of laziness

40
Q

Name a more extreme response for the problem of the condition of the working class and the economic decline

A

Sterilisation
Selective breeding
Ban on immigration

41
Q

Name the only 2 social reforms of any significance introduced by the cons between 1886-1906

A

The Workmens Compensation Act 1897

The Education Act 1902

42
Q

Give 2 reasons why Chamberlain did bit implement a wider package of reforms??

A

His role was Chancellor focusing on the economy, he needed to pay for them and a system of tariffs to raise the money was being blocked , those minister in his government responsible for social reform were less enthusiastic about passing any, The Boer War cost too much money, weak opposition, no motive

43
Q

What motives did the Conservative government have for reforming education? Give 2

A

National efficiency, to remain competitive and to develop technologically

44
Q

What did the Education Act of 1902 get rid of ??

A

Old school boards

45
Q

What did the Education Act of 1902 great in it’s place?

A

LEAs

46
Q

The new LEAs were required to support all schools through government funds, controversially what kind if schools would also be supported/funded??

A

Church schools

47
Q

Who was outraged by this?

A

Non-conformists

48
Q

What political impact would this reform have on the Conservtives ?

A

It would encourage non conformists to vote Liberal and helped the Libs win their landslide in 1906

49
Q

How many prosecutions were there by 1906 for non payment of rates in Wales?

A

70,000

50
Q

In 1906 The Liberals aimed to provide what type of support through social reforms ?

A

A safety net

51
Q

What new political ideology also shaped Liberal’s freeform programme from 1906?

A

New Liberalism, some state intervention

52
Q

Name 4 group’s who were seen as vulnerable and who would be offered support

A

Children
Elderly
Sick
Unemployed

53
Q

Name 3 acts with dates that helped children

A

Education Act 1906 Meals
Education Act 1907 Medical Inspections
1908 Children’s Act
Child allowance £10 per child for poorest

54
Q

Name 1 act and date to help the elderly

A

Old Age Pensions 1909

55
Q

Give 2 examples of a success of the Act to help the elderly

A

5s a week for those over 70 regular income, by 1914 970,000 claimants

56
Q

Name 3 acts with dates to help the Sick and unemployed

A

National Insurance Act 1911 unemployment
National Insurance Sickness 1913
Workmen’s Compensation Act 1906

57
Q

Name 2 acts and dates to protect workers

A 
Trade Disputes Act 1906
Workmen's Compensation Act 1906
Coal Mines Act 1908
Trade Boards Act 1909
Mines Act 1911
Shops Act
Seaman's Act

HISTORY (6 decks)

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