Reform 2) Markey Environmentalism Flashcards
Explain why, from a market-environmentalism view, markets (theoretically) induce the land use with the highest public value
- State owns the land
- Private sector ‘trades’ the use permit chooses the best use & manages it
- The Market will induce the highest public value for the resource
- Best indicator of value = The price people are willing to pay for it
- If the highest value is conservation»_space; environmentalists should pay
- Market shifts the land use to the highest economic value
- Highest public value = highest economic value
Use the Grand Canyon Trust and TNC cases to illustrate the types of land uses that market environmentalism can induce, and illustrate how the market mechanism (theoretically) induced the highest public value
Grand Canyon Trust - organization bought out the ranchers. highest public value because they paid the most for it, which is way more valuable as a conservation land than it is as a working land/ranch
TNC - it was supposed to be a housing development but the TNC out bid the housing developer. they out bid condo developers which was not cheap, and they used cows as a form of conservation grazing
Identify the two main permit parameters that market environmentalists would like to change in order to facilitate the development of a market for grazing permits and, for each, clarify explain why the change is necessary
Lose ‘Use it or lose it’- if you don’t use your permit from grazing your permit gets taken away, which then just gets given to someone else who will graze the land → want to be able to buy base property and be able to retire the grazing permit
No Base property: have to have one to get a permit, causing environmental groups to pay way more to buy the property instead of just being able to buy out the grazing permit
Clarify how the Forest Service and BLM feel about marketable grazing permits
They aren’t the biggest fans of these permits because grazing is important for the land and it is beneficial because it makes the lands healthier, forage will be old, susceptible to fire, and now the vegetation has adapted to grazers, and without there is no one or nothing to manage it.
Explain why some ranchers support marketable grazing permits (or grazing buyouts) and why some ranchers oppose it
Support: Ranching is getting harder (rules. regulations, climate change ruin lands)
oppose: rural communities and the ranching way of life will decline
The three components of the resource based economic development model are:
- Backward linkages: businesses or industries which provide/ support the inputs for the ranching industry
-Forward linkages : ranching industry is supporting other industries that are beyond the ranching industry,
-Final demand linkages: Ranchers get all that money from ranching and buy all this “stuff,” which then supports other industries
Clarify how each linkage provides a mechanism for local communities to capture the economic benefits of the natural resource
If we undermine the ranching industry, we can potentially undermine the rural economies of the United States,because the backwards, forwards, and final demand linkages will feel the loss as well.
the ‘base’ of that economy, and the ‘multipliers’ or linkages that are generated from that base.
The ranching industry
Explain why the resource extraction-based industries have long considered themselves the “backbone” of the US Economy
- foundational role in early economic development and their ongoing contributions through various economic linkages:
Backward Linkages: They support related industries and services, fostering local economic development.
Forward Linkages: They supply raw materials to manufacturing sectors, driving further industrial activity and value creation.
Final Linkages: They connect resource extraction to market consumption, completing the economic chain.
Describe the shift in the US Economy in the 80’s, and identify the specific economic pressures felt by the resource-based industries
The 80s: We shift to Global Capitalism (globalization)
- manufacturing in china, US its service industry.
Pressures: more global competition and downward price pressures.
Market environmentalism
Under this economy, there are now “ Big city environmental groups”, that are getting rich, they are being supported and funded by new rich service and tech industries
While Ranchers and getting poor
Explain why, in this context, ranchers question the theoretical assumptions underlying market environmentalism
Historically, ranchers valued their products based on market prices. (how much people were willing to pay)
Now: ntegrating environmental considerations into market
- focus on environmental value additional costs that did not align with traditional market pricing and profitability.
- concerned about the fairness and accessibility of market-based environmental policies, which might benefit larger operations more than smaller ones.
Explain what Conservation Leases will now allow on Public Lands, and why Ranchers feel threatened by this policy
Rachers/BLM to lease grazing permits/land tp conservation organizations who can chose to stop grazing, restoration work , manage programs .
Why ranchers feel threatened:
Under multiple use, grazing is given a priority.
Priority will shift from grazing to conservation
Identify 2-3 general assumptions about why state ownership is a good solution to the Tragedy, and 2-3 reasons why it is not
Good:
Good at allowing everyone equal access to resource,
Good at supporting non extractive practices,
Bad:
Bad at managing who bares the cost of the resource,
Bad at managing who makes decisions and who bares the costs of bad decisions
Identify 2-3 general assumptions about why private ownership is a good solution to the Tragedy, and 2-3 reasons why it is not
Good:
Good at managing whether or not the resource is used to maximize profits/ economic growth/ employment
Good at managing who bares the cost of managing the resource
Bad:
Bad at Supporting non extractive practices
Bad at Allowing access everyone equal to the resource
