Reflexes, postural reactions, developmental milestones

Question 1

What is the APGAR?

Answer 1

Neonatal Ax

Question 2

What is included in the APGAR? Scoring?

Answer 2

5 aspects (appearance, pulse, grimace (reflex irritability), activity, and respiration)

each scored from 0 (non-existent) to 2 (normal and strong).
Score of 0-3 indicates being born in significant distress, 4-6 mild distress.

Question 3

Goals of peds physio

Answer 3

participation, motor abilities, functional mobility, health & prevention

Question 4

9 Peds reflexes

Answer 4

• Sucking reflex
• Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
• Moro reflex
• Grasping reflex
• Stepping reflex
• Babinski
• Symmetrical tonic reflex
• Rooting reflex

Question 5

What is the Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex? During what months is it present??

Answer 5

0-4months: head turned to one side with extension of ipsilateral and flexion of contralateral arm (fencer’s pose)

Question 6

What is the Moro reflex?

Answer 6

when feeling like they are falling the child will open their arms then bring them back to their chest

Question 7

What is the grasping reflex? During what months is it present??

Answer 7

0-4 months

grasp when pressure is put on palm of hand, will relax if you stroke back of hand

Question 8

What is the stepping reflex? During what months is it present??

Answer 8

body weight shift and the baby will make stepping motions

first 2 months

Question 9

What is the babinski reflex? During what months is it present??

Answer 9

Extension of big toe and fanning of rest with stimulation of sole of foot

Normal in infants until 12-24 months, e

Question 10

What is the Symmetrical tonic reflex ? During what months is it present??

Answer 10

stim neck flexion or extension, will flex UE and extend Le with neck flex and when neck extended UE will extend and LE are flexed

3 months

Question 11

What is the plantar grasp reflex ? During what months is it present??

Answer 11

Stim: pressure to base of toe, toe flexion

Present at 28 wks to 9-10 months

Question 12

What is the rooting reflex ? During what months is it present??

Answer 12

stroke side of cheek, baby will open mouth and turn towards side of stimulation

up to 3 months

Question 13

What are 3 paediatric postural reactions

Answer 13

Righting reactions
Equilibrium reactions
Protective reactions

Question 14

Key developmental milestones: 0-3mths

Answer 14

• able to turn head side to side
• brief head righting
• random kicks in supine
• maintain head midline
• hand fisted will reflex grasp

Question 15

Key developmental milestones: 4-5mths

Answer 15

• able to prop with extended elbows
• head control
• rolls
• supported sitting (good head control, turns head)
• weight bears in standing when supported
• grasp/hold small toys
• release toys
• increased frequency of reaching

Question 16

Key developmental milestones: 5mths

Answer 16

head control in sitting

Question 17

Key developmental milestones: 6mths

Answer 17

• sitting independently
• uses hands for play
• stands with support
• radial-palmar grasp
• rake to grasp
• reaching path is straight

Question 18

Key developmental milestones: 7mths

Answer 18

• anticipate and orient hand for reach and grasp

- commando crawling

Question 19

Key developmental milestones: 8-9 months

Answer 19

• 4 point kneel (start with rocking to crawl backwards to crawl forwards)
• moves from sit to prone
• pivots in sitting
• may pull to stand
• points and pokes with index finger
• uses pincher grip

Question 20

Key developmental milestones: 10-11mths

Answer 20

• doesn’t like prone or supine (will get out of it)
• sitting bum scoot
• standing (transfer from stand to sit without falling, picks up objects from floor w/o support (pincer grasp)
• stands hands free for a few secs)
• mobility (crawls up stairs, cruising, walking w/ hands held, can start walking independently)

Question 21

Key developmental milestones: 12-18mths

Answer 21

• walks independently
• transitions to stand at mid floor
• squats
• picks up toys without support
• walks up stairs with hand held or rail
• initiates ball kick
• throws ball
• walks backwards and sideways a few steps
• opens books
• puts pellets in bottle
• handedness usually established

Question 22

Key developmental milestones: 2-2.5years

Answer 22

• propels or steer push toys
• walk on tiptoes
• jumps
• stand on one foot
• kick ball
• throw and catch
• ascend and descend stairs Independently

Question 23

Key developmental milestones: 5-5years

Answer 23

• climb stairs independently
• run faster and more controlled
• walk in straight line
• throw under and over head
• somersaults
• gallop and skip
• dress and eat independently;
• uses mature tripod grasp (4.5 yrs)