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PCE - Paediatrics > Paediatric conditions 1.0 > Flashcards

Paediatric conditions 1.0 Flashcards

1
Q

Down syndrome is an alteration on _____

A

chromosome 21

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2
Q

Down syndrome S&S

A
  • identifiable facial features
  • hypotonia
  • decreased strength and ligament laxity
  • short arms and legs
  • heart defects
  • AA instability
  • scoliosis
  • pronated feet
  • hip dislocation
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3
Q

Down syndrome Rx

A
  • try to attain developmental milestones
  • discourage compensatory patterns
  • improve muscle strength (antigravity muscles)
  • monitor ortho issues
  • provide oral-motor function
  • sensory and gross motor stim
  • monitor cardiovascular and respiratory health
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4
Q

Prader-Willi Syndrome is related to disturbances in ___ or a genetic ____ in chromosome ___

A
  • hypothalamus

- genetic deletion (chromosome 15 usually)

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5
Q

Prader-Willi Syndrom in infants S&S

A
  • hypotonia
  • delayed motor and learning development
  • little spontaneous movement
  • respiratory difficulties
  • oral motor or feeding difficulties
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6
Q

Prader-willi syndrome Rx in infants

A
  • Gross motor development
  • compensatory postures
  • nutritionist
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7
Q

Prader-Willi Syndrom S&S in older kids

A
  • Hypotonia
  • intellectual impairment
  • short stature
  • hyperphagia *extreme obesity
  • behavior problems
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8
Q

Prader-Willi Syndrom Rx in older kids

A
  • Weight management
  • increase activity level
  • orthotics
  • improve postural control
  • behaviorist
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9
Q

When does neonatal respiratory distress syndrome occur? It is due to ___

A

<37 weeks gestation

Due to lack of surfactant

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10
Q

neonatal respiratory distress S&S

A
  • tachypnea
  • in drawing
  • cyanosis
  • occurs soon after birth
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11
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress Rx

A

Corticosteroids

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12
Q

What is SIDS? What does it peak (highest rates)?

A

SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME: death of infant under 1 yr with unexplained cause

Peaks at 3-4 night, usually occurs at night

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13
Q

SIDS risk factor

A

Prone sleeping

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14
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome can lead to..

A
  • facial changes
  • brain damage
  • hypersensitivity
  • poor concentration
  • poor feeders/eaters
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15
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome Rx

A
  • need routine
  • Decrease stim
  • learning strategies
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16
Q

What is arthrogryposis multiplex congenital

A

rare non progressive neuromuscular syndrome (unknown etiology)

17
Q

arthrogryposis multiplex congenita S&S

A
  • joint contractures (due to lack of fetal mvmt
  • muscle weakness
  • poor muscle development
  • Fibrosis - can lead to scoliosis, heart defects, resp problems
18
Q

What is a salter harris fracture

A

Fracture affective growth plate in children

19
Q

What is autism? Average age of onset?

A

developmental delay in social/language/motor and/or cognitive development, more common in M>F,

average age of onset is 4 yrs

20
Q

Autism S&S

A
  • have stereotyped and repetitive play skills
  • avoid eye contact
  • dislike change in routine
  • and have strong sensory preferences
  • dyspraxia (needs time to plan movement and execute goal related function)
  • gait (waddling, abnormal weight distribution)
  • cerebellar involvement
21
Q

Autism outcome measure

A

M-ABC
Bayley -3
PDMS-2

22
Q

What is Pagets Disease? What are some of the effects of it?

A

Localized disorder of bone remodelling (excessive resorption followed by increase in bone formation) - structurally disorganized mosaic of bone - weaker, larger, less compact, more vascular, more susceptible to #

23
Q

does Pagets occur in just one bone or multiple bones? Which bones is it most likely to occur in?

A

Normally involves multiple bones,

axial skeleton (spine, pelvis, femur, sacrum, skull)

24
Q

Pagets disease S&S

A
  • 70-90% asymptomatic,
  • bone pain
  • secondary OA
  • bony deformity (ie. bowing of extremity)
  • excessive warmth (increased vascularity)
  • neurologic complications (compression of neural tissue)
25
Q

Pagets Disease Rx

A

EDUCATION: proper posture, body mechanics, avoidance of trauma (ie. no contact sports), precautions against falling, hazards of immobility (need to stay active)

26
Q

What is Acromegaly

A

Pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone during adulthood: increased bone size (hands, feet, face)

27
Q

What does excess growth hormon in children lead to?

A

excess growth hormone leads to GIGANTISM, not acromegaly

28
Q

acromegaly S&S

A
  • enlarged hands and feet
  • gradual changes in shape of face (protruding jaw and brow, enlarged nose, thickened lips, wider space between front teeth)
29
Q

Acromegaly complications

A
  • HTN
  • cardiomyopathy
  • OA
  • DM
  • precancerous growths (polyps) on lining of colon
  • sleep apnea
  • carpal tunnel
  • hypopituitarism
  • uterine fibroids
  • spinal cord compression
  • vision loss
30
Q

Dwarfism types

A

disproportionate (some parts small, others average or above average) vs. proportionate (all parts of body small to same degree)

31
Q

Dwarfism S&S

A

short stature (4 foot 10 inches or under)

32
Q

Dwarfism Rx

A
  • early diagnosis and treatment important
  • growth hormone if related to deficiency
  • insertion of shunt to drain excess fluid and relieve pressure on brain
  • corrective surgery for deformities (ie. cleft palate, club foot, bowed legs)
  • surgical removal of tonsils (can impair breathing if comparatively large)
  • widening of spinal canal to relieve spinal cord compression
  • PT for strengthening/ROM
  • back brace to improve curvature
  • ear tubes (prevent recurring infection)
  • orthodontic treatment (small mouth with overcrowding of teeth)
  • nutritional guidance and exercise to prevent obesity

PCE - Paediatrics (3 decks)

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