Reflexes and Reactions

Question 1

What does a reaction require than a reflex does not?

Answer 1

Requires cortical input- perception of noxious stimuli

Question 2

Which is voluntary, a reaction or reflex?

Answer 2

A reaction is voluntary

Question 3

What is an example of a reflex occurring without a reaction?

Answer 3

UMN lesion (upper motor neuron lesion)

Question 4

What is a reflex arc also known as?

Answer 4

Spinal reflex

Question 5

What is a patterned motor response to a sensory stimulus?

Answer 5

A spinal reflex or reflex arc

Question 6

What is the afferent component of a spinal reflex?

Answer 6

Sensory component

Question 7

What is the efferent component of a spinal reflex?

Answer 7

Motor component

Question 8

Spinal reflexes are influenced by what kind of neurons?

Answer 8

UMN

Question 9

Pupillary Light Reflex

Answer 9

Afferent II (2)
Efferent III (3)

Question 10

Corneal Reflex

Answer 10

Afferent: Ophthalmic branch of V (5)
Efferent: VI (6)

Question 11

Palpebral Reflex

Answer 11

Afferent: Maxillary branch of V (5)
Efferent: VII (7)

Question 12

Paniculus Reflex is a reflex of the ______ ______

Answer 12

cutaneous trunci

Question 13

What reflex would you see only in an abnormal animal?

Answer 13

Crossed- Extensor Reflex

Question 14

What is another name for a tendon tap or stretch reflex?

Answer 14

Myotatic Reflex

Question 15

Menace RESPONSE

Answer 15

Afferent: II (2)
Efferent: VII (7)

Question 16

Cutaneous Trunci/ Panniculus Reflex tests the integrity of what?

Answer 16

receptors, lateral thoracic nerve, spinal cord

Question 17

How is a Cutaneous Trunci/ Panniculus Reflex Test conducted?

Answer 17

By pinching the skin over the dermatomes in the thoracolumbar region of the back

Question 18

What are the afferents and efferents associated with the Cutaneous Trunci/ Panniculus Reflex?

Answer 18

Afferent: Superficial pain receptors
Efferent: Run via lateral thoracic nerve from C8/T1

Question 19

What action occurs in the Cutaneous Trunci/ Panniculus Reflex?

Answer 19

Contraction of cutaneous trunci muscles bilaterally- skin twitch

Question 20

What does the Cutaneous Trunci/ Panniculus Reflex detect?

Answer 20

Damage between T2 and L4

Question 21

Withdrawal Reflex: Would you see it in normal or abnormal animal?

Answer 21

Normal animal

Question 22

What are the afferents of the Withdrawal Reflex?

Answer 22

proprioceptors

some nociceptors and thermoreceptors

Question 23

Name the reflex or reaction:

Stimulation of plantar surface of paw is
carried (Via tibial n. and sciatic n.) to segments
L6 to S1(2)
→ activates a reflex arc at this level
of the spinal cord which excites LMN to the
sciatic n.
→ signal is shared with nearby spinal
segments via interneurons to activate all flexors
of the leg to withdraw limb away from stimulus

→ different interneurons also serve to inhibit the
extensors of the leg so that flexion may occur

Answer 23

Withdrawal reflex

Question 24

What happens in a Crossed-Extensor Reflex?

Answer 24

Extension of the limb OPPOSITE to the stimulus

Question 25

Crossed-Extensor Reflex is ________ in a recumbent neurological exam.

Answer 25

abnormal

Question 26

What reflex is seen in animals with spinal cord damage cranial to the limb that shows the reflex?

Answer 26

Crossed-Extensor Reflex

Question 27

In a withdrawal reflex, extensors are inhibited and flexors are activated. In a Crossed-Extensor Reflex, extensors are __________ and flexors are _________.

Answer 27

Extensors activated | Flexors inhibited

Question 28

What action occurs in the Perineal Reflex?

Answer 28

Contraction of the anal sphincter muscle

Question 29

How is the Perineal Reflex carried out?

Answer 29

By pinching the skin of the anus or perineum to activate touch pressure receptors/nociceptors

Question 30

What are the afferents of the Perineal Reflex from?

Answer 30

The pudendal nerve

Question 31

What does the Perineal Reflex test the integrity of?

Answer 31

The pudendal nerve | Segments S1 to S3

Question 32

What reflex is seen in the normal animal but absent in an animal with spinal cord disease?

Answer 32

Perineal Reflex

Question 33

What are other names for the Myotatic Reflex?

Answer 33

Muscle spindle reflex Tendon tap reflex Stretch reflex

Question 34

The Myotatic Reflex is related to a ________ in tone of the muscle being stretched.

Answer 34

Increase

Question 35

What types of stretch can be tested by the Myotatic Reflex?

Answer 35

Tonic Stretch Reflex & | Phasic Stretch Reflex

Question 36

What does the tonic stretch reflex determine?

Answer 36

Resistance to passive movement

Question 37

How is a phasic stretch reflex carried out?

Answer 37

By using a reflex hammer to strike the tendon and rapidly stretch the muscle

Question 38

Where do the afferents from the Myotatic Reflex come from?

Answer 38

From muscle spindle receptors sensing muscle stretch

Question 39

How is a Deep Pain Response carried out?

Answer 39

By pinching the nail bed in order to activate the periosteum of the bone

Question 40

What does the Deep Pain Response test?

Answer 40

Tests deep pain (nociceptor) pathways cranial to the segments innervating the limb being tested

Question 41

Deep Pain Response is seen in normal animal but absent in animal with what?

Answer 41

Absent in animals with lesions cranial to the test limb

Question 42

In a Deep Pain Response test, you will want to pinch harder and harder until you see a _________ response from the animal.

Answer 42

Behavioral Response

Question 43

If there is no Deep Pain Response, there is severe damage to the ______ _______ and emergency medicine is require to relieve pressure.

Answer 43

Spinal cord