Reflexes and Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Biceps
C 5,6 “pick up sticks”, C5 nerve root
Triceps
C 7,8 “lay them straight”. C7 nerve root
Patella
L 3,4 “kick the door”. L4 nerve root
Achilles
S 1,2 “lay them straight”. S1 nerve root
Cremaster
L 1, 2 “testicles move”
Anal wink reflex
S 3,4 “winks galore”
What is the moro reflex?
“hang on for life” reflex-abduct or extend arms when startled, then draw together
What is the rooting reflex?
movement of head toward one side of cheek or mouth when stroked (nipple seeking)
sucking reflex?
sucking response when roof of mouth is touched
Palmar reflex?
curling of fingers when palm is stroked
Plantar reflex?
dorsiflexion of large toe and fanning of other toes with plantar stimulation. Babinski sign-presence of refelx in adult-may signify UMN lesion.
Galant reflex?
stroking along one side of spine while newborn is in ventral suspension (face down) causes lateral flexion of lower body toward stimulated site
CN I Nerve? Function? Type? Mnemonic?
Olfactory
Smell
Sensory
CN II Nerve? Function? Type? Mnemonic?
Optic
Sight
Sensory
CN III Nerve? Function? Type? Mnemonic?
Oculomotor
Eye movement (SR, IR, MR, IO), pupillary constriction, accomodation, eyelid opening
Motor
CN IV Nerve? Function? Type? Mnemonic?
Trochlear
Eye movement
Motor
CN V Nerve? Function? Type? Mnemonic?
Trigeminal
Mastication, facial sensation (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular divisions), somatosensation from anterior 2/3 tongue
Sensory and Motor
CN VI Nerve? Function? Type? Mnemonic?
Abducens
Eye movement
Motor
CN VII Nerve? Function? Type? Mnemonic?
Facial
Facial movement, taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, lacrimation, salivation, eyelid closing, stapedius muscle in ear
Both
CN VIII Nerve? Function? Type? Mnemonic?
Vestibulocochlear
Hearing, balance
Sensory
CN IX Nerve? Function? Type? Mnemonic?
Taste and somatosensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue, swallowing, salivation, monitoring carotid body and sinus chemo- and baroreceptors, and stylopharyngeus
CN X Nerve? Function? Type? Mnemonic?
Vagus
Taste from epiglottic region, swallowing, soft palate elevation, midline uvula, talking, coughing, thoracoabdominal viscera
Both
CN XI Nerve? Function? Type? Mnemonic?
Accessory
Head turning, shoulder shrugging
Motor
CN XII Nerve? Function? Type? Mnemonic?
Hypoglossal
Tongue movement
Motor
CN V motor lesion
Jaw deviates toward side of lesion due to unopposed force from the opposite pterygoid muscle
CN X lesion
Uvula deviates away from side of lesion. Weak side collapses and uvula points away
CN XI lesion
Weakness turning head to contralateral side of lesion (SCM). Shoulder droop on side of lesion (trapezius). The left SCM contracts to help turn the head to the right
CN XII lesion (LMN)
Tongue deviates toward side of lesion (“lick your wounds”) due to weakened tongue muscles on the affected side.
What passes through the cavernous sinus?
CN III, IV, V1 (ophthalmic), V2 (Maxillary), CN VI, and postganglionic sympathetic fibers en route to the orbit all pass through the cavernous sinus. Cavernous portion of internal carotid is also here
What is cavernous sinus syndrome?
It is due to mass effect, fistula, thrombosis-ophthalmoplegia and decreased corneal and maxillary sensation with normal visual acuity. CN VI commonly affected.
What is the canvernous sinus?
Collection of venous sinuses on either side of the pituitary
