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Neurology > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Where are cranial nerve nuclei located?

A

In tegmentum portion of brain stem in between dorsal and ventral portions

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2
Q

What nuclei are present in midbrain

A

CN III, IV

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3
Q

What nuclei are present in pons?

A

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

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4
Q

What nuclei are present in the medulla?

A

CN IX, X, XII

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5
Q

What nuclei are present in the spinal cord?

A

CN XI

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6
Q

What is the afferent an efferent stimulus for corneal reflex?

A

CN V1 is afferent (nasociliary branch) and CN VII (temporal branch: orbicularis oculi) is efferent branch

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7
Q

What is the afferent and efferent stimulus for lacrimal reflex?

A

CN V1 is afferent and CN VIII is efferent

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8
Q

What is the afferent and efferent for jaw jerk reflex?

A

CN V3 (sensory) is afferent and V3 (motor-masseter) is efferent

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9
Q

Afferent and efferent for pupillary reflex?

A

CN II-afferent

CN III-efferent

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10
Q

Afferent and efferent for gag reflex?

A

CN IX-afferent

CN X-efferent

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11
Q

What vagal nuclei is involved in receiving visceral sensory information (taste, baroreceptors, and gut distention) and includes CN VII, IX, X?

A

Nucleus Solitarius

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12
Q

What vagal nerve nuclei is involved in motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus (swallowing, palate elevation) from IX, X, XI (cranial portion)?

A

Nucleus ambiguus

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13
Q

What vagal nerve nuclei sends autonomic fibers to heart , lungs, and upper GI from CN X?

A

Dorsal motor nucleus

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14
Q

Which cranial nerves go through cribriform plate, middle cranial fossa, and posterior cranial fossa?

A

CNI
CN II-VI through sphenoid bone
CN VII-XII through temporal or occipital bone

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15
Q

What runs through optic canal?

A

CN II, ophthalmic artery, and retinal vein

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16
Q

What runs through superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI, opthalmic artery, sympathetic fibers

17
Q

What runs through foramen rotundum?

18
Q

What runs through foramen ovale?

19
Q

What runs through foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

20
Q

What runs through internal auditory meatus?

A

CN VII, VIII

21
Q

What runs through jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, X, XI, jugular vein

22
Q

What runs through hypoglossal canal?

23
Q

What runs through foramen magnum?

A

Spinal roots of CN XI, brain stem, and vertebral arteries

24
Q

CN V Motor lesion?

A

Jaw deviates toward side of lesion due to unopposed force from opposite pterygoid muscle

25
Q

CN X lesion?

A

uvula deviates away from side of lesion

26
Q

CN XI lesion?

A

shoulder droop and and turning head to contralateral side of lesion

27
Q

CN XII lesion?

A

tongue deviates toward side of lesion (“lick your wounds)” and decreased tongue muscles on affected side.

28
Q

What 3 muscles are used to close the jaw and what are they innervated by?

A

Masseter, teMporalis, Medial pteryoid. V3

29
Q

Describe pathway of pupillary light reflex

A

1) Signal via CN II to pretectal nuclei (in midbrain)
2) Activates Edinger-Westphal nuclei
3) Pupils contract bilaterally via CN II output to ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves to pupillary sphincter muscles

30
Q

Early onset alzheimers

Late onset

A

Earl onset: APP (Chr 21), presinilin 1 (Chr 14), presinilin 2 (Chr 1)
Late onset: ApoE4 (Chr 19), ApoE2 (Chr 19) is protectivve

31
Q

Associated with JC virus. CNS destruction of oligodendrocytes with increased risk associated with natlizumab

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

32
Q

Multifocal perivenular inflammation and demyelination after infection (commonly measles or VZV) or certain vaccinations (Rabies/smallpox)

A

Acute disseminated (postinfections) encephalomyelitis

33
Q

Autosomal recessive. Arylsulfatase A deficiency and buildup of myelin–>central and peripheral demyelination with ataxia, dementia

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

34
Q

Auto rec. lysosomal storage disease with deficiency in galactocerebrosidase–>myelin sheath destruction. Peripheral neuroapthy, developmental delay

A

Krabbe disease

35
Q

X-linked genetic affecting males disrupting metabolism of very long chain fatty acids–>excessive nervous system buildup, adrenal gland, and testes affected.

A

Adrenoleukodystrophy

36
Q

Seizures casue by age

1) Children
2) Adults
3) Elderly

A

1) Genetic, infection (febrile), trauma, congenital metabolic
2) Tumor, Trauma, Stroke, Infection
3) Stroke, tumor, trauma, infection

37
Q

What is the vestibular pathway?

A

Hair of labyrinth structures–>vestibular ganglion–>vestibular nuclei in brainstem–>cerebellum, MLF, spinal cord, thalamus

Neurology (7 decks)

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