Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Where are cranial nerve nuclei located?

Answer 1

In tegmentum portion of brain stem in between dorsal and ventral portions

Question 2

What nuclei are present in midbrain

Answer 2

CN III, IV

Question 3

What nuclei are present in pons?

Answer 3

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

Question 4

What nuclei are present in the medulla?

Answer 4

CN IX, X, XII

Question 5

What nuclei are present in the spinal cord?

Answer 5

CN XI

Question 6

What is the afferent an efferent stimulus for corneal reflex?

Answer 6

CN V1 is afferent (nasociliary branch) and CN VII (temporal branch: orbicularis oculi) is efferent branch

Question 7

What is the afferent and efferent stimulus for lacrimal reflex?

Answer 7

CN V1 is afferent and CN VIII is efferent

Question 8

What is the afferent and efferent for jaw jerk reflex?

Answer 8

CN V3 (sensory) is afferent and V3 (motor-masseter) is efferent

Question 9

Afferent and efferent for pupillary reflex?

Answer 9

CN II-afferent

CN III-efferent

Question 10

Afferent and efferent for gag reflex?

Answer 10

CN IX-afferent

CN X-efferent

Question 11

What vagal nuclei is involved in receiving visceral sensory information (taste, baroreceptors, and gut distention) and includes CN VII, IX, X?

Answer 11

Nucleus Solitarius

Question 12

What vagal nerve nuclei is involved in motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus (swallowing, palate elevation) from IX, X, XI (cranial portion)?

Answer 12

Nucleus ambiguus

Question 13

What vagal nerve nuclei sends autonomic fibers to heart , lungs, and upper GI from CN X?

Answer 13

Dorsal motor nucleus

Question 14

Which cranial nerves go through cribriform plate, middle cranial fossa, and posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 14

CNI
CN II-VI through sphenoid bone
CN VII-XII through temporal or occipital bone

Question 15

What runs through optic canal?

Answer 15

CN II, ophthalmic artery, and retinal vein

Question 16

What runs through superior orbital fissure?

Answer 16

CN III, IV, V1, VI, opthalmic artery, sympathetic fibers

Question 17

What runs through foramen rotundum?

Answer 17

CN V2,

Question 18

What runs through foramen ovale?

Answer 18

CN V3

Question 19

What runs through foramen spinosum?

Answer 19

Middle meningeal artery

Question 20

What runs through internal auditory meatus?

Answer 20

CN VII, VIII

Question 21

What runs through jugular foramen?

Answer 21

CN IX, X, XI, jugular vein

Question 22

What runs through hypoglossal canal?

Answer 22

CN XII

Question 23

What runs through foramen magnum?

Answer 23

Spinal roots of CN XI, brain stem, and vertebral arteries

Question 24

CN V Motor lesion?

Answer 24

Jaw deviates toward side of lesion due to unopposed force from opposite pterygoid muscle

Question 25

CN X lesion?

Answer 25

uvula deviates away from side of lesion

Question 26

CN XI lesion?

Answer 26

shoulder droop and and turning head to contralateral side of lesion

Question 27

CN XII lesion?

Answer 27

tongue deviates toward side of lesion ("lick your wounds)" and decreased tongue muscles on affected side.

Question 28

What 3 muscles are used to close the jaw and what are they innervated by?

Answer 28

Masseter, teMporalis, Medial pteryoid. V3

Question 29

Describe pathway of pupillary light reflex

Answer 29

1) Signal via CN II to pretectal nuclei (in midbrain) 2) Activates Edinger-Westphal nuclei 3) Pupils contract bilaterally via CN II output to ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves to pupillary sphincter muscles

Question 30

Early onset alzheimers Late onset

Answer 30

Earl onset: APP (Chr 21), presinilin 1 (Chr 14), presinilin 2 (Chr 1) Late onset: ApoE4 (Chr 19), ApoE2 (Chr 19) is protectivve

Question 31

Associated with JC virus. CNS destruction of oligodendrocytes with increased risk associated with natlizumab

Answer 31

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Question 32

Multifocal perivenular inflammation and demyelination after infection (commonly measles or VZV) or certain vaccinations (Rabies/smallpox)

Answer 32

Acute disseminated (postinfections) encephalomyelitis

Question 33

Autosomal recessive. Arylsulfatase A deficiency and buildup of myelin-->central and peripheral demyelination with ataxia, dementia

Answer 33

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

Question 34

Auto rec. lysosomal storage disease with deficiency in galactocerebrosidase-->myelin sheath destruction. Peripheral neuroapthy, developmental delay

Answer 34

Krabbe disease

Question 35

X-linked genetic affecting males disrupting metabolism of very long chain fatty acids-->excessive nervous system buildup, adrenal gland, and testes affected.

Answer 35

Adrenoleukodystrophy

Question 36

Seizures casue by age 1) Children 2) Adults 3) Elderly

Answer 36

1) Genetic, infection (febrile), trauma, congenital metabolic 2) Tumor, Trauma, Stroke, Infection 3) Stroke, tumor, trauma, infection

Question 37

What is the vestibular pathway?

Answer 37

Hair of labyrinth structures-->vestibular ganglion-->vestibular nuclei in brainstem-->cerebellum, MLF, spinal cord, thalamus