reflexes

Question 0

suck- swallow

Answer 0

onset- 28 weeks gestation
integration- 2-5 months
stimulus- place examiners index finger inside infant’s mouth with head in midline
response- strong rhythmical sucking
relevance- allows ingestion of nourishment

Question 1

rooting reflex

Answer 1

onset- 28 weeks gestation

integration- 3 months stimulus- stroke the corner of mouth, upper lip, and lower lip

response- movement of tongue, mouth and/or head toward the stimulus

relevance- allows searching for and locating feeding source

Question 2

traction

Answer 2

onset- 28 weeks gestation
integration age- 2-5 months
stimulus- grasp infants forearms and pull to sit
response- complete flexion of upper extremities
relevance- enhances momentary reflexive grasp

Question 3

moro

Answer 3

onset age- 28 weeks gestation
integration- 4-6 months
stimulus- rapidly drop infants head backward
response- first phase- arm extension/abduction, hand opening, second phase: arm flexion and adduction
relevance: facilitates ability to depart from dominant flexor posture: protective response

Question 4

plantar grasp

Answer 4

onset- 28 weeks gestation
integration- 9 months
stimulus- apply pressure with thumb on the infant’s ball of the foot
response- toe flexion
relevance- increases tactile input to sole of foot

Question 5

galant

Answer 5

onset- 32 weeks gestation
integration- 2 months
stimulus- hold infant in prone suspension, gently scratch or tap alongside the spine with finger, from shoulders to buttocks
response- lateral trunk flexion and wrinkling of skin on stimulated side
relevance- facilitates lateral trunk movements necessary for trunk stabilization

Question 6

asymmetric tonic neck

Answer 6

onset- 37 weeks gestation
integration- 4-6months
stimulus- fully rotate infants head and hold for 5 seconds
response- extension of extremities on the face side, flexion of extremities on the skull side
relevance- promotes visual hand regard

Question 7

palmar grasp

Answer 7

onset- 37 weeks gestation
integration- 4-6 months
stimulus- place examiners finger in infant’s palm
response- finger flexion, reflexive grasp
relevance- increases tactile input on the palm of the hand

Question 8

tonic labyrinthine- supine

Answer 8

onset- under 37 weeks gestation
integration- 6 months
stimulus- place infant in supine
response- increased extensor tone
relevance- facilitates totalbody extensor tone

Question 9

tonic labyrinthine- prone

Answer 9

onset- under 37 week gestation
integration- 6 months
stimulus- place infant in prone
response- increased flexor tone
relevance- facilitates total body flexor tone

Question 10

labyrinthine optical (head) righting

Answer 10

onset- birth- 2 months
integration- persists
stimulus- hold infant suspended vertically and tilt slowly (about 45 degrees to the side, forward or backward
response- upright positioning of the head
relevance- orients head in space, maintains face vertical

Question 11

landau

Answer 11

onset- 3-4 months
integration- 12-24 months
stimulus- hold infant in horizontal prone suspension (superman!)
response- complete extension of head, trunk, and extremities
relevance- breaks up flexor dominance, facilitates prone extension

Question 12

symmetric tonic neck

Answer 12

onset- 4-6 months
integration- 8-12 months
stimulus- place infant in the crawling position and extend the head
response- flexion of hips and knees
relevance- breaks up total extensor posture,facilitates static quadraped position