Reflex models Flashcards
Reflex models can be understood as different combinations of communications between somatic and visceral structures. What are the 4 models?
Somato-somatic
Somato-visceral
Visceral-somatic
Viscero-visceral
Local spinal effects of subluxation causes muscle hypertonicity/ imbalance, fixation etc.
Somato-motor/ somato-somatic; proprioceptive insult
Somato-visceral aka
Somato-autonomic
Somatic dysafferentation causes
Somatic efferent reflex effects
What is an increase in nociceptive afferent impulses combined with diminished proprioceptive impulses primarily from mechanoreceptors?
Somatic dysafferentation
Who believed that innervated somatic tissues in spine were a source of bombardment of neurologic signals leading to hyperstimulation or facilitation?
Korr
Who believed that nociceptive neurons are the afferents which produce facilitation?
Seaman
Facilitation aka
Hyperstimulation from bombardment of neurologic signals from spine
What is nociceptive spasm?
Isolated segmental spinal muscles which don’t act in coordination with rest of spine
Who proposed nociceptive facilitation?
Seaman
Facilitation can result in a?
Positive feedback cycle
What concept states that an effect of spinal fixation/hypomobility associated with subluxation may cause diminished afferent signals from somatic structures, primarily mechanoreceptors?
Deafferentation concept
What are the most common mechanoreceptors affected in the deafferentation concept?
Type I and II
With the diminished afferent signals of the deafferentation concept what happens to the CNS?
It is deprived of information needed for balance and coordination- ataxia and dizziness
Who stated that chiropractors don’t take pressure off nerves but put pressure on mechanoreceptors?
Carrick
Who stated that 99% of all neurologic syndromes are related to deafferentation?
Carrick
Decreased mechanoreceptor input associated with decreased or restricted joint mobility causes increased perception of?
Pain
Increased nociception and or decreased mechanoreception
Somatic dysafferentation
Increased sympathetic stimulation of target tissues and organs
Sympatheticotonia
Visceral afferents -> somatic efferents
Viscero-somatic reflex model
Somatic afferents -> visceral efferents
Somato-visceral reflex
Anterior horn effects
Somato-somatic
Lateral horn effects
Somato-autonomic
Modification of sympathetic nerve activity locally and globally
Sympatheticotonia
Who stated that subluxation reduces brain/cortical summation?
Murphy
Who stated that reduced brain summation dis-inhibits SNS?
Murphy
Who stated that correcting the subluxation will reduce SNS activity, reduce catecholamine release, enhance Th1 response which will improve infection fighting and inhibit Th2 response which will reduce allergic/ atopic disease s&s?
Murphy
Who stated that the most critical effect of manipulation is the quieting of sympathetic hyperactivity?
Korr
Subluxation can result in a sustained increase in production of?
TNF-a
Adjustments do what to TNF-a?
Decrease it
Who stated that subluxation leads to dysautonomia?
Kent
Who developed the compensation reaction- concept that hypomobility in a segment leads to hyper mobility elsewhere?
Jirout
Change in central axis of motion was who?
Kapandji
Loss of joint end play
Mennell
Positional dyskinesia
Suh
