Reflectivist and Constructivist Approches

Question 1

dominant theory in international relations

Answer 1

realism

Question 2

changes that challenged the dominance of realism

Answer 2

1.) new approaches have been developed
2.) developments in other academic
disciplines
3.) resurgence of liberalism in
the form of neo-liberal institutionalism

Question 3

theories that perceive the world as external to human understanding

Answer 3

Explanatory theories

Question 4

assert that theories actively shape and construct the world

Answer 4

constitutive theories

Question 5

structural realist and structuralist theories primarily adopt an ___________
approach

Answer 5

explanatory

Question 6

newer approaches, including certain liberal perspectives,
tend to be ________ theories

Answer 6

constitutive

Question 7

The ___________ distinction in the philosophy of social science revolves around whether beliefs about the world can be
objectively tested.

Answer 7

foundational/anti-foundational

Question 8

True or false
Foundationalists believe that truth claims can be judged true or false
based on neutral grounds,

Answer 8

True

Question 9

______ argue that neutral grounds do
not exist, and each theory defines what counts as facts.

Answer 9

anti-foundationalists

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE

new approaches to
international theory, including post-modernism, some feminist theory, and normative
theory, lean towards foundationalism.

Answer 10

FALSE

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE
the neo-neo debate, historical
sociology, and critical theory tend towards foundationalism.

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

________ aims
to occupy the middle ground

Answer 12

Social constructivism

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE

constitutive theories
often lean towards foundationalism; Explanatory theories generally align with anti-foundationalism.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Traditional international theory was largely influenced by _____ ideas

Answer 14

positivistic

Question 15

who is associated mainly with social constructivism?

Answer 15

Alexander Wendt

Question 16

Theories under rationalism

Answer 16

Neo-realism
Neo-liberalism

Question 17

Theories under reflectivism

Answer 17

Post modernism
Feminism
Normative Theory
Critical Theory
Historical Sociology

Question 18

Bridges the gap between rationalism and reflectivism

Answer 18

Social Constructivism

Question 19

give the focal points for the following reflectivist approaches

Answer 19

• gender for feminists
• values for normative theories
• knowledge construction
  for postmodernists
• state-class relationships for historical sociologists
  -knowledge/power
  relationships for critical theorists.

Question 20

emphasized empirical analysis
over normative debates

Answer 20

Positivism

Question 21

focuses on
humanity or individuals

Answer 21

Cosmopolitanism

Question 22

communitarianism prioritizes __________

Answer 22

political community (the state)

Question 23

focused on addressing the absence of
women in world politics.

Answer 23

liberal feminism

Question 24

________ feminists like Enloe advocate for equal rights and opportunities for women, aiming to
scrutinize and dismantle structures that perpetuate women’s exclusion from power.

Answer 24

liberal

Question 25

________ feminism draws from Marxism to highlight economic forces, particularly within _______, shaping women's lives.

Answer 25

Socialist/Marxist; capitalism

Question 26

Key difference between socialist and marxist feminism

Answer 26

Marxist- capitalism Socialisy - capitalism + patriarchy

Question 27

_________ feminism, combines post-modern identity theories with a focus on gender rather than exclusively on women.

Answer 27

Post-modernist feminism

Question 28

analyzes how world politics' structures construct gender roles, questioning the production of 'men' and 'women' in global politics

Answer 28

Post-modernist feminism

Question 29

______ feminism challenges the predominantly male influence on the world.

Answer 29

Standpoint feminism

Question 30

argues that current knowledge is biased towards men, offering only a partial understanding

Answer 30

Standpoint feminism

Question 31

________ challenges traditional social science methodologies.

Answer 31

Critical theory

Question 32

According to _______, the social scientist is inherently part of the society studied.

Answer 32

Max Horkheimer

Question 33

_______ contributed to the concept of the ideal speech situation, emphasizing communicative competence for rational political consensus.

Answer 33

Jürgen Habermas

Question 34

________ advocates for international theory to be rooted in critical theory. Heemphasizes that concepts like 'individuals' or 'states' are not inherent but products of historical and social forces.

Answer 34

Robert Cox

Question 35

akin to critical theory, challenges the notion of the state as a given in world politics, delving into the complex social processes that shape societies over time.

Answer 35

Historical sociology

Question 36

highlights the intricate and varied nature of states. It emphasizes that states are not only products of domestic and international forces but are also influenced by globalization.

Answer 36

Historical sociology

Question 37

He argues that the national state prevailed due to its role in warfare, distinguishing between capital-intensive and coercion-intensive regimes.

Answer 37

Charles Tilly

Question 38

three types of states resulting from the combinations of these forms of power (capital and coercion)

Answer 38

tribute-making empires, fragmented sovereignty systems (city-states), and national states

Question 39

IEMP model stands for _________

Answer 39

ideological, economic, military, and political

Question 40

His work, though complex and ambitious, contributes significantly to understanding how states have evolved and interacted with the international political system.

Answer 40

Michael Mann

Question 41

a highly influential theoretical development across the social sciences in recent decades, entered international theory in the mid-1980s

Answer 41

Post-modernism

Question 42

_______ defines it as "incredulity towards metanarratives," referring to theories claiming absolute truth.

Answer 42

Jean-François Lyotard

Question 43

aims to deconstruct and distrust any narrative claiming direct access to truth

Answer 43

Post-modernism

Question 44

Two themes by Richard Devetak

Answer 44

Power-knowledge relationship & Textual Strategies

Question 45

influenced by Michel Foucault, suggests that power creates knowledge. All power needs knowledge, and all knowledge supports existing power structures.

Answer 45

Power-knowledge relationship

Question 46

Drawing from Derrida's perspective suggests that the way we perceive the social world is akin to interpreting a text.

Answer 46

Textual Strategies

Question 47

2 ways of expo textual interplays:

Answer 47

Deconstruction & Double reading

Question 48

True or False Double reading challenges the notion that language presents stable and natural concepts, instead highlighting how language constructs artificial hierarchies.

Answer 48

False

Question 48

True or False Deconstruction demonstrates that theories and discourses rely on these artificial stabilities created by apparent oppositions in language, such as rich/poor or good/bad, which privilege one term over the other.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

True or False Deconstruction involves examining a text from two perspectives.

Answer 49

False