References - name first

Question 1

Langston et al., 2007

Answer 1

Dog walking and nearby urban settlements has proven to have negative impacts on the nightjar.

Question 2

Thomas., 1985

Answer 2

Due to declining traditional management, suitable habitat for the silver-studded blue butterfly is created only sporadically and is often short-lived

Question 3

Bakker et al., 1983

Answer 3

Grazing increases local diversity

Question 4

Gimingham, 1975

Answer 4

Heather is quite resistant to repeated grazing. When the growing shoots are eaten there are short shoots ready to take their place or failing that, there are reserve buds beneath the soil.

Question 5

Thomas and Reid., 1997

Answer 5

Ancient woodlands are more like to contain more rare and native species than more recent woodlands

Question 6

Mueller et al., 2007

Answer 6

Decaying wood provides important habitats for invertebrates and fungi

Question 7

Ferris and Humphrey., 1999

Answer 7

Woodpeckers rely on dead wood because that is where they find much of their invertebrate prey

Question 8

Gittings et al., 2006

Answer 8

80% of UK hoverflies are associated with open spaces and would not be predicted to be found in closed-canopy habitats.

Question 9

Warren and Thomas., 1992

Answer 9

Butterflies favour sunny conditions and do not like direct shade, with nearly all species loss of butterflies in the UK due to the decline of coppicing

Question 10

Banks and Bryant., 2007

Answer 10

Dog walking in woodlands decreases bird diversity by 35% and abundance by 41%

Question 11

Sheehy and Lawton., 2014

Answer 11

With the presence of the pine marten, red squirrel populations increase and grey squirrel populations decrease.”

Question 12

Manning et al., 2009

Answer 12

Native red deer populations are considered to be ecologically unstable so reintroducing wolves would reduce the population. However, their absence from the landscape can be a major barrier to the restoration of that species due to environmental conditions changing since extinction.

Question 13

Carter and Newberry., 2004

Answer 13

Corncrakes can respond rapidly to favourable management of suitable grassland habitats.

Question 14

Meyer., 2000

Answer 14

Chough crow is Britain’s rarest resident crow

Question 15

Crick et al., 1994

Answer 15

Destruction my agricultural operations is one of the major causes of corn bunting nest failures in the UK

Question 16

Courchamp et al., 2014

Answer 16

Islands are home to more than 20% of the terrestrial and vertebrate plant species in the world but they only make up 5% of the global terrestrial area.

Question 17

Galbreath et al., 2004

Answer 17

Cat predation was the main factor involved in the extinction of the Stephens Island Wren

Question 18

Haupt et al., 2013

Answer 18

Marion’s Island moth is responsible for much nutrient turnover and as such is a keystone species

Question 19

Finkelstein et al., 2012

Answer 19

Lead poisoning played a major role in the near-extinction of the California condor and today, condors in California remain chronically exposed to lead

Question 20

Stamps and Swaisgood., 2007

Answer 20

A preference by released animals for familiar cues may encourage them to seek out inappropriate, low-quality environments.

Question 21

Damuth., 1981

Answer 21

There seems to be an inverse relationship between the size of a species and its abundance

Question 22

Ceballos et al., 2017

Answer 22

Rate of population loss is high, even in species of low concern

Question 23

Plaisance et al., 2011

Answer 23

Tropical reefs shelter one third to one quarter of all marine life

Question 24

Lough et al., 2018

Answer 24

Coral-algal symbiosis is essential for the functioning of reefs but thermal stress can break down this symbiosis and cause bleaching

Question 25

Parmesan and Yohe., 2003

Answer 25

Species have migrated 6.1km northward/upward