References - description first

Question 1

Dog walking and nearby urban settlements has proven to have negative impacts on the nightjar.

Answer 1

Langston et al., 2007

Question 2

Due to declining traditional management, suitable habitat for the silver-studded blue butterfly is created only sporadically and is often short-lived

Answer 2

Thomas., 1985

Question 3

Grazing increases local diversity

Answer 3

Bakker et al., 1983

Question 4

Heather is quite resistant to repeated grazing. When the growing shoots are eaten there are short shoots ready to take their place or failing that, there are reserve buds beneath the soil.

Answer 4

Gimingham, 1975

Question 5

Ancient woodlands are more like to contain more rare and native species than more recent woodlands

Answer 5

Thomas and Reid., 1997

Question 6

Decaying wood provides important habitats for invertebrates and fungi

Answer 6

Mueller et al., 2007

Question 7

Woodpeckers rely on dead wood because that is where they find much of their invertebrate prey

Answer 7

Ferris and Humphrey., 1999

Question 8

80% of UK hoverflies are associated with open spaces and would not be predicted to be found in closed-canopy habitats.

Answer 8

Gittings et al., 2006

Question 9

Butterflies favour sunny conditions and do not like direct shade, with nearly all species loss of butterflies in the UK due to the decline of coppicing

Answer 9

Warren and Thomas., 1992

Question 10

Dog walking in woodlands decreases bird diversity by 35% and abundance by 41%

Answer 10

Banks and Bryant., 2007

Question 11

With the presence of the pine marten, red squirrel populations increase and grey squirrel populations decrease.”

Answer 11

Sheehy and Lawton., 2014

Question 12

Native red deer populations are considered to be ecologically unstable so reintroducing wolves would reduce the population. However, their absence from the landscape can be a major barrier to the restoration of that species due to environmental conditions changing since extinction.

Answer 12

Manning et al., 2009

Question 13

Corncrakes can respond rapidly to favourable management of suitable grassland habitats.

Answer 13

Carter and Newberry., 2004

Question 14

Chough crow is Britain’s rarest resident crow

Answer 14

Meyer., 2000

Question 15

Destruction my agricultural operations is one of the major causes of corn bunting nest failures in the UK

Answer 15

Crick et al., 1994

Question 16

Islands are home to more than 20% of the terrestrial and vertebrate plant species in the world but they only make up 5% of the global terrestrial area.

Answer 16

Courchamp et al., 2014

Question 17

Cat predation was the main factor involved in the extinction of the Stephens Island Wren

Answer 17

Galbreath et al., 2004

Question 18

Marion’s Island moth is responsible for much nutrient turnover and as such is a keystone species

Answer 18

Haupt et al., 2013

Question 19

Lead poisoning played a major role in the near-extinction of the California condor and today, condors in California remain chronically exposed to lead

Answer 19

Finkelstein et al., 2012

Question 20

A preference by released animals for familiar cues may encourage them to seek out inappropriate, low-quality environments.

Answer 20

Stamps and Swaisgood., 2007

Question 21

There seems to be an inverse relationship between the size of a species and its abundance

Answer 21

Damuth., 1981

Question 22

Rate of population loss is high, even in species of low concern

Answer 22

Ceballos et al., 2017

Question 23

Tropical reefs shelter one third to one quarter of all marine life

Answer 23

Plaisance et al., 2011

Question 24

Coral-algal symbiosis is essential for the functioning of reefs but thermal stress can break down this symbiosis and cause bleaching

Answer 24

Lough et al., 2018

Question 25

Species have migrated 6.1km northward/upward

Answer 25

Parmesan and Yohe., 2003