References Flashcards
What references for HPV infection?
FUTURE I trial- vaccine 100% effective at preventing HPV infection with 16 and 18
What are the references for HBV?
clinical trial in USA- 92.3% reduction in HBV incidence after vaccination in high risk gruops
What is a EBV reference?
Cohen et. al- effects for prophylactic vaccine have focused on gp350- major target of neutralising antibody; Bollard et al- for EBV + HL- CTLs against LMP1 and 2
What are the referecnes for renal transplantation?
first successful transplant (identical twins)- JOspeh murray in 1954; improved graft survival with matching (Takemoto et al); first defined histological characteristics of chronic AMR- Maryniak et al (glomerula doble contours; excessive interstital fibrosis, presence of ab against graft); C4e + in 34% of late biopsies- assoc with chornic rejection–Regele; BENEFTI trial- belatercept- 43% reduction of graft rejection or death; CTLA4Ig and donor specific transfusion- long term acceptanace of MHC mismatched cardiac allografts-Lin; Safinia- adoptive transfer of Tregs to prevent tissue transplant rejection
What are the references for diabetic nephropathy?
Wada- urinary MCP-1 levels higher in diabets vs controls; ACCORD- MCP-1 is most accurate biomarker of diabetic nephropathy; Tam- blockage of MCP-1 reduces macrophage/T cel infiltration-reduced crescent/scarring/renal impairment; CCR2R atagonsit reduced 18% proteinuria vs 3% placebo- De Zeuw; current phase I trial of anti-CTGF- decrease of more than 50% in ACR in 56 days
What are the references for GN?
Xiao- MPO causes vasculitis GN in MPO KO mice; CLEAR trial- eculizumab vs steroids in tx; fostamitinib reduced haematuria/proteinura in late stage GN-McDoo; Bao- anti-C5 abs have been shown to ameliorate; ACTIVE: anti-TNF for vasculitis induced 88% remission with one steroid dose
What are hte references for anti-GBM?
Reynolds-rat experiments; perihperal blood T cell prolfierate to Goodpastures more than contorl- Derry ; Salama- hgiher number of autoreactive T cells; linked to HLA-DR1B1*15 79 vs 28%- Fisher; PDL1 fusion protein stimulates PD1 receptor on T cells and anti-ICOSL- Reynolds; ACTIVE- anti-TNA for vasculitis induced 88% remission with only one steroid
What are the references for immunotherapy?
burnet and thomas- immunosurveillance theory; Dunn- immunoediting; CTLA4 KO mice have persistent widespread AI- Waterhouse; Coley; Yokokawa- tumour derived Tregs more suppressive than nTregs; Wolchock- combination of CTLA4 and PD1- 58% reponse and 11.5% CR with adv. melanoma; Manguso- CRISPR screening to identify geens that confer resistance to PDL1 inhibitors; Wolchock - tumours with high neoAg and immunosuppressive–checkpoint; low neoAg- CAR T cell ; Maher- 80% pf ALL patients had CR with CD19sepcifci CAR T cells; Hanahan and weinberg- hallmarks; Allison- CTLA4 and Honjo-PDL1; ipilimumab- melanoma- 20% pts alive with no disease at 10 years vs survival <10%; rituximab -CLL and non-HL: increases survival at 1 year by 23% when added to CHOP
What are hte references for SLE?
Botto- c1q-/- mice increased apoptotic bodies and smaller proportion of macrophages ingesting; Botto- waste disposal hypothesis; Ronnblom- apoptotic and necrotic cells- IFNa production; Monk- Treg transfer has no effect on SLE; Santer- C1q prootes IC complex binding to monocytes instead of pDCs; Trouw- anti-C1q ab not pathogenic bu amplifies damage by otehr immune compelxes; LUMINA- hydroxychloroquine improves lifespan and reduces flares; BLISS-52: improved clinical outcome with belimumab; BEAT-LUPUS- rixtuximab and belimumab; Jaco et al- belimumab- 20% of naive and transitional cells; Klinefelters-14 fold increase in men with SLE vs those w/o SLE ; 25% MZ concordance; IRF5 increased levels; anti-C1q in 30%
Who suggested that segmented filamentous bacteria increase Th17>
Mathis
What are the references for tolerance?
Medawar- mice tolerant to self antigens but not non-self antigens- develops early in life; Sakaguchi- adoptiv Treg transfer prevents autoimmunity caused by thymemctomies 3-5 adays after birth ; Tregs first proposed- Gerson; Treg transfer delays onset of Dm in NOD- Salamon; Waterhouse- CTLA4 deficient mice get massive CD28 dependet expression of autoreactive T cells- die <4 weeks
What are hte references for Bregs?
Katz and Neta- transfer of splenocytes wihout B cells fails to prevent devleopment of T cell hypersensitivty to skin cell tranpslnat; first identified- Yanaba; Breg KO mice devleop arthritis or severe EAE; Rosser- produce IL-10; TGFb and IL-35 (KO IL-35 enhances Th1 and macrophage response); Filatreau- defective Breg function get chronic inflamm
References fro IBD?
IL-23 is essntial for Crohns in IL10 KO where IL-12 isnt- Yen; Fuss- UC has Th2 response- NKT cells which secrete IL-13; NOD2 -x30 risk- Ahmad; IL-23R polymorphisms- Duerr; Hermiston and Gordon- N-cadherin KO mice- increased permeatbility- focal acute inflamm; INDIGO- infliximab reduces hospitalisations; surgical procedures; consultations; SMAD7 inhibitor- 81.4% response but ineffective in phase II; mutatiosn in CD25; IL-10; infusions of Tregs in Rag1-/- mice decreases intestinal inflamt; anti-TNF- Feldman and Maini; both Th1 and Th17 in CD- Annuziato; allogeneic expadned adipose-derived stem cells result in long-term clinical and radiological healing in treatment-refractory perianal Crohns
What are the references for intolerance?
Enattah- polymorphisms 14kb upstream of lactase gene- linked to non-persistence in Finnish; Young- actual adults 1.4% vs 20.4%, children-5-7%; HLA-DR4/7-40% vs 2%; sibling peanut allergy-10x; 2x increase over 10-15 years; 7x risk with peanut skin cream; Hermiston and Gordon- N-cadherin KO; oral tolerance inductio in milk protein allergy- 80-80%; IPEX- food allergies and atopy
What are the references for haem?
Harrington- injected ITP serum into heathy- decrease in platelt; Filion- autoreactive T cells against gpIIb/IIIa- peripheral tolerance importance; Cooper- 30% CR in ITP to rituximab; Wiestner- 4 patienst with factor VIII responded to rituximab; Ling- steroids increase Tregs, restore Th1/Th2; decrease BAFF; French cohort- risk of thromboembolic events and sepsis increased for years post splenectomy; Elrombopag (TPO RA)- 79% patiesnt repsoded at least once- Cheng; 2/3rds have normal/reduced TPO; polymorphisms in BAFF promoter assoc; IPEX patients get ; 80% mortaility in TTP
