References

Question 1

Rossi, D.J. et al. 2007.

Answer 1

studied astrocyte metabolism and signalling during brain ischemia
- cyanide
- NO glucose or oxygen
- showed sharp increase in glutamate receptor activation
- went from resting membrane potential -70mV to 0mV (DEAD)

Question 2

Vandenberg and Ryan 2013

Answer 2

Diagram showing under ischemic conditions disruptions to Na+, K+ and pH gradients = transporters to function in reverse
- INCREASE IN GLUTAMATE CONC EXTRACELLULARLY

Question 3

Tymianski, M. 2011.

Answer 3

Suggested possible causes of excitotoxicity in ischemia due to glutamate channels

Question 4

Cook, D.J. et al. 2012.

Answer 4

NA-1 - PSD-95 inhibitor
2020 - showed mortality for stroke when used reduced by 40%

Question 5

Holmes et al.

Answer 5

Epidemiological studies on AD being affected by innate immunity
patients who had AD and inflammation = faster clinical deterioration
- measured by levels of TNF in circulation

Question 6

Karch and Goate, 2014.

Answer 6

GWAS - Genetic Studies
showed largest genetic contributor to AD relates to innate immune pathway

Question 7

Gomez-Nicola et al. 2016

Answer 7

In AD = proliferation of microglia was increased

Question 8

Olmos-Alonso et al. Brain 2016

Answer 8

showed microglia proliferation is increased in AD and APP/ PS1 mice

Question 9

Mancuso et al. Brain 2019

Answer 9

use of PET imaging of TSPO in humans allowing readout of microglia in numbers
- CSF in mice identified proteins to see whether microglia is chaing

Question 10

Simon et al. 2018.

Answer 10

suggested targeting microglia could be a way to modify tranjectory of neurodegeneration