Reference Values 2: Proteins and Enzyme Activities in Serum, Acid-Base, Blood Gas, Urinalysis, ECG

Question 1

Total serum protein

Answer 1

60-80 g/l

Question 2

Albumin

Answer 2

35-50 g/l

Question 3

A/G (albumin/globulin quotient)

Answer 3

1.25-2.5

Question 4

CRP (C-reactive protein)

Answer 4

1-8 mg/l

Question 5

Enzyme activity:

α-­amylase

Question 6

Enzyme activity:

ALAT (alanine aminotransferase, GPT)

Answer 6

< 45 U/l

Question 7

Enzyme activity:

ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase, GOT)

Answer 7

< 45 U/l

Question 8

Enzyme activity:

ALP (alkaline phosphatase)

Answer 8

< 150 U/l

Question 9

Enzyme activity:

CK (Creatine Kinase)

Answer 9

< 200 U/l

Question 10

Enzyme activity:

GGT (gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase)

Answer 10

< 60 U/l

Question 11

Enzyme activity:

LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)

Answer 11

< 160 U/l

Question 12

blood pH

Answer 12

7.35-7.45

Question 13

pCO2

Answer 13

35-45 mmHg

Question 14

Standard Bicarbonate (st HCO3-)

Answer 14

21-26 mmol/l

Question 15

BE (base excess)

Answer 15

0±3 mmol/l

Question 16

pO2

Answer 16

80-105 mmHg

Question 17

O2 saturation

Answer 17

95-98%

Question 18

Creatinine Clearance (for 1.72 m^2 body surface)

Answer 18

120-125 ml/min

Question 19

Urine Volume

Answer 19

1000-1500 ml/24 h

Question 20

urine pH

Answer 20

4.5-8.0

Question 21

Specific gravity / density of urine

Answer 21

1.010-1.035 kg/l

Question 22

Osmolar concentration of urine

Answer 22

600-1200 mosm/kg

Question 23

urinary sediment (per field)

Answer 23

< 1-3 RBC

< 3-5 WBC

Question 24

Usual ECG chart speed

Answer 24

25 mm/s

1mm = 0.04 s

Question 25

AV conduction time (PR interval)

Answer 25

0.12-2.0s

3-5 little squares

Question 26

Width of QRS complex

Answer 26

0.06-1s

Question 27

Pathological Q wave: width and amplitude

Answer 27

Width: > 0.04s
Amplitude: 0.4 mV or >25% of the R amplitude